Quarter 3 - Revolutions Flashcards
Where did the French-Indian War take place?
Took place in America and all over the world
What is the other name for the French-Indian War?
7 Years War
Who fought in the 7 Years War/French-Indian War?
France and Britain
When and what was the stamp act?
A 1 penny tax on all printed press in 1765
When and what was the tea act?
A tax on tea in 1773
Why did King George III impose taxes on the colonists of America?
To pay for the Seven Years War and the French-Indian War
How did Paul Revere exaggerate the Boston Massacre?
He shows more British soldiers and not as many colonists
What were the three advantages that colonists had over Britain during the fight for independence?
They were on home soil, they had strong leaders such as George Washington, and had determination
What treaty ended the Revolutionary War?
Treaty of Paris
Why did the British choose New York as their next target after leaving Boston?
Its harbor could shelter the British
What evidence did the British have that Lt. Hale was spying on them?
He made memoranda and sketches of fortifications
What did Hale ask for before his execution and did he recieve them?
He asked for a clergyman and a bible and didn’t receive either
To who were the letters written by Hale to?
His mother and a brother officer
What were Hale’s last words?
‘I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”
What caused Jefferson’s depression?
The death of this wife Martha
What did Jefferson expect his daughter to send back?
Letters with proof of her followed schedule
How many French estates were there?
3 estates; Clergy, nobility, and everyone else
What is the estates general?
A meeting between all the estates
What problems did France have that led to their revolution?
- A shortage of food, specifically bread. The price multiplied by 20
- Interest on debt
What was the National Assembly?
An assembly made up of the 3rd estate. It first took place on a tennis court
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
An event where the National Assembly swore to not stop trying to get a consitution
When is Bastille Day?
July 14, 1789
What happened on Bastille Day?
French citizens freed prisoners from Bastille
What happened to Bastille?
It was taken down, brick by brick
Why did King Louis XVi call the Estates-General to convene?
He needed money
Why did a mob storm the Bastille on July 14th, 1789?
To obtain arms
Why was Thomas Jefferson in France in 1789?
He was America’s minister
What did the French mobs use to attack cavalry on July 12, 1789?
Stones
What did the French mobs do at the prisons of St. Lazare?
Released the prisoners and stole corn
What happened to the governor and Lt. Governor after the Bastille was taken?
They were executed publicly
What were Louis XVI and other royalty concerned about after the fall of Bastille?
The mob of 10,000 attacking them
Where did the common people of Paris get their weapon? And what types of weapons were they armed with?
They got them from Bastille and Invalids. They had muskets, swords, hooks
How old was Marie Antoinette when she married Louis XVI?
Marie was 14 and Louis was 15
Why did Marie Antoinette ride donkeys?
Horses were too dangerous
What did Marie Antoinette do during the 1787 famine?
Gave grain to those in need
Was Marie Antoinette’s spending the cause of the French Revolution?
No, False
Did Marie Antoinette really say “Let them eat cake”?
No, False
When was Marie Antoinette’s farmland built?
In 1783, The Little Hamlet was built (Le Petit Hameau)
How many children did Marie Antoinette have?
4 biological and 7 adopted
What was the Expiatory Chapel?
A chapel built for Marie and Louis
What 2 groups did the 3rd estate divide into?
Bourgeoisie and the peasants
What did the 3rd estate’s diet have to do with the revolution?
Bread was their main source of food, and they had to pay to make it, instilling resent and anger in them
How was France in debt?
They spent a lot in the American Revolution and they weren’t collecting enough taxes
How much of a peasants’ income was spent on bread in 1789?
80%
What great idea did Louis XVI get?
To make nobility pay taxes
What was the Estates-General?
A version of England’s parliment
How did John Locke’s ideas lead to action?
His ideas helped people overthrow the government
Who forced Louis XVI to sign the Declaration of Man and of Citizen?
A mob of women who were tired of the bread shortage
What happened to Louis XVI?
He gets executed by his own people
What was the Reign of Terror?
A time period in France where people kept getting executed. 30,000 people in 1 year
What happened after King Louis XVI was executed?
Peasants took over and tried to de-christianize France by changing the calendar, the week, and playing cards
When did Napoleon Bonaparte become general?
22
When did Napoleon declare himself as emperor?
1804
Who overthrew the Directory?
Napoleon
What was the Battle of Trafalgar?
The biggest naval battle at the time where Napoleon and France tried to invade England
Who is Horatio Nelson?
Admiral who wins against France in the Battle of Trafalgar and died there as well
When did Nelson join the navy?
At 8 years old
How many attended Nelson’s funeral?
100,000
What is the Battle of Austerlitz/Battle of Emperors?
The biggest land battle at the time where Napoleon and France tried to invade Austria, and Napoleon wins in 2 days
How many of Napoleon’s army invade Russia?
600,000 but 34,000 return back to France alive
What was the weather like on day 2 of the battle?
Muddy from the rain the previous day, which stopped the battle since it slowed down men, horses and cannons
What and where is St. Helena
It is an island that holds prisoners and is the middle of the Atlantic
What army is defeated on the first day of the battle?
Prussia is defeated on the first day
What army comes to the aid of the British at the climax of the battle?
Prussia’s army
Captain Gronow claims to have seen Napoleon sitting on what?
His white horse
Who became king after Napoleon?
Louis XVIII
How big was Napoleon’s army
105,000
How big was the British army?
68,000
What is the 100 days?
A chaotic period where Napoleon went wild
What happened at the first day of the Battle of Waterloo?
Napoleon surprise attacks Prussia and scatters them
Who is the general of Prussia’s army?
Blucher
What happened at the second day of the Battle of Waterloo?
France with Napoleon battle Britain with Duke of Wellington (Arthur)
Why did Britain and Duke of Wellington win against Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo?
The mud stopped artillery, Napoleon couldn’t ride his horse and command, Napoleon had potential dementia, and Britain was more disciplined in formations
Where was Napoleon buried?
Les Invalides
Where was Napoleon banished after losing the Battle of Waterloo?
Saint Helena
What is the Congress of Vienna?
A meeting to decide what to do in countries where Napoleon changed the king
When did the major revolutions happen in Europe?
1830 and 1848
Who was Count Metternich
Came up with the idea of reverting back to the feudal system
