Quarter 2 Exam Vocab Anthro Flashcards
animism
all beings have a soul, and are interconnected
cargo cults
locals contact outsiders, but lack their advancements
communitas
a strong community spirit, feeling of togetherness
liminality
being in between the departure and reentering of a rite of passage
magic
supernatural methods with specifically aimed intentions
mana
spiritual force in the universe, in a living thing or objects
monotheism
belief in one, all powerful god
polytheism
belief in multiple gods
religion
worship of supernatural powers believed to have otherworldly control over humans
revitalization movements
where religious leaders aim to change a society in a social movement
rites of passage
an event that marks a change in someone’s life
rituals
a religious ceremony where actions and objects are performed in a fixed order
shaman
people specializing in religion and spirits
taboo
off limits and forbidden, sacred action
totem
an animal/plant/geographical feature as a special symbol that is respected in a particular culture
Black English Vernacular (BEV)
relative dialect spoken by most black youth in America, casual speech
call systems
communication systems of primates
cultural transmission
how someone learns about a culture by immersing and engaging with the culture and its people
daughter language
languages coming from the same parent language
descriptive linguistics
scientific study of a spoken language
diglossia
regular switching of dialects
displacement (linguistics)
talking about things that aren’t present
focal vocabulary
terms that are significant to specific groups
historical linguistics
how language changes over time
kinesics
study of communication through expressions and body movement
lexicon
a language’s dictionary
morphology
study of how morphemes form through sound combinations
phoneme
a unit of sound that carries and differentiates meaning
phonemics
studies significant sound contrasts of a language
phonetics
production and indentification of speech sounds
phonology
which sounds are meaningful in a language
productivity (linguistic)
creating new, comprehensible, but efficient, terms
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
different languages result in different ways of thinking
semantics
the meaning system of a language
sociolinguistics
the relationship between social and linguistic variation
style shifts
variation of speech in different contexts
subgroups (linguistic)
a subset of languages related to others
syntax
the arrangement of words and phrases in sentences
caste system
a system in India that seperates society based on wealth, jobs, family background, and lineage
clan
a group of people with perceived decent from a common ancestor
decent group
a permanent unit based on claims of common ancestry
dowry
when the brides family/kin group gives a lot of gifts when their daughter marries
endogamy
restricts marriage to a group where one belongs
exogamy
looking for a mate outside ones own group
extended family household
when a household includes three generations of nuclear and nonnuclear relatives
family
a group of people considered to be related somehow
family of orientation
family where someone is born and grows up
family of procreation
family where someone marries and has kids
incest
sexual contact with a relative
levivate
when a widow marries her deceased husband’s brother
lobola
a customary gift given to the wife and her kin by the husband and his kin before, after, or at marriage
matrilineal decent
decent is based on/traced through the female line
matrilocality
a couple lives in the wives community
neolocality
when a couple creates their own homes and chooses not to live with/near their families
plural marriages/polygamy
being married to more than one spouse at the same time
polyandry
where a woman has more than one husband
polygyny
when a man has more than one wife
sororate
when a widower marries his deceased wife’s sister
unilineal decent
decent rule uses one live (male/female)
patrilineal decent
decent is based on/traced through the male line
patrilocality
a couples lives in the husband’s community
