Anthro Quiz #1 Flashcards
adaptation
how species evolve/cope with their enviornment
anthropology
study of the human species
applied anthropology
applying anthropological data to solve real world problems
archaeological anthropology
studying human behavior by looking at remains of civilization
biocultural
combination of biological + cultural factors to resolve a specific issue
biological (physical) anthropology
studying biological diversity of humans
cultural anthropology
study of human cultures + societies
cultural resource management (CRM)
deciding whether sites are significant or not and if to preserve them
culture
shared set of beliefs + values passed down through learning
ethnography
firsthand observations of a specific society/culture (feildwork)
ethnology
uses the data collected by researchers to compare and contrast cultures/societies to make conclusions (cross-cultural)
food production
domesticating animals, cultivating plants
general anthropology
comprehensive study of humans and their evolution, societies, and cultures across time and space
holistic
considering an entire system as a whole and not just individual parts
linguistic anthropology
studying how language has/has been shaped by society + culture across time and space
science
systematic pursuit of knowledge to explain things
society
individuals living in structured groups
sociolinguistics
studying language in relation to social fators
cultural consultant
the people who get close with and teach the ethnographers about thier culture
emic
anlyzing and approaching viewing with the perspective of internal parts
etic
more of an outside perspective of the ethnographer, scientific approach
genealogical method
used in research to look at lineage, marriage, ect
informed consent
agreements to be a participant in research
interview schedule
a plan/ guideline for the interviewer to use
key cultural consultant
an individual(s) who produce information that is useful about a very particular aspect/part of life
life history
a recalling of an individuals lifetime, provides a deeper insight into the culture + personal attributes of someone
longitudinal research
research done over a long period of time
participant observation
participating in things being observed _ analyzed
sample
a part of something to represent something larger
survey research
sampling, data collection, analysis
variables
elements that very throughout a population
Belief and knowledge
Belief and knowledge is a set of convictions, values and viewpoints regarded as “the truth” and shared
by members of a social group. These are underpinned and supported by known cultural experience.
change
Change refers to the alteration or modification of cultural or social elements in a society. Change may
be due to internal dynamics within a society, or the result of contact with another culture, or a
consequence of globalization
culture
Culture refers to organized systems of symbols, ideas, explanations, beliefs and material production
that humans create and manipulate in the course of their daily lives. Culture includes the customs by
which humans organize their physical world and maintain their social structure. More recent
approaches to culture recognize that cultures are not static, homogenous or bounded but dynamic and
fluid. Culture refers to the shared social construction of meanings, but simultaneously culture is often
also a site of contested meanings. These recent formulations of the concept recognize that culture maybe the subject of disagreement and conflict within and among societies and this disagreement may
include the definition of culture itself
identity
Identity can refer either to the individual’s private and personal view of the self or to how an individual is
viewed from the perspective of a social group. In addition, identity may also refer to group identity,
which may take the form of religious identity, ethnic identity or national identity, for example.
materiallity
Objects, resources and belongings have cultural meaning, described by Arjun Appadurai as “the social
life of things” (Appadurai 1986). They are embedded in all kinds of social relations and practices. Some
anthropologists seek to understand human experience through the study of material objects. This
occurs, for example, in contemporary approaches that focus on the materiality of the body.
power
Power is an essential feature of social relations and can be considered as a person’s or group’s
capacity to influence, manipulate or control others and resources. In its broadest sense, power can be
understood as involving distinctions and inequalities between members of a social group. Some
approaches to power focus on structural power and understand power to be everywhere and to
contribute in the production of reality
social relations
Social relations refer to any relationship between two or more individuals in a network of relationships.
Social relations involve an element of individual agency as well as group expectations, and form the
basis of social organization and social structure. They pervade every aspect of human life and are
extensive, complex, and diverse
society
Society refers to the way in which humans organize themselves in groups and networks. Society is
created and sustained by social relationships and institutions. The term “society” can also be used to
refer to a human group that exhibits some internal coherence and distinguishes itself from other such
groups
symbolism
Symbolism is the study of the significance that people attach to objects, actions, and processes,
creating networks of symbols through which they construct a culture’s web of meaning.
