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Earth Science 11 > quarter 1 test > Flashcards

quarter 1 test Flashcards

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1
Q

widely accepted universe theory

A

big bang theory

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2
Q

why was the big bang theory widely accepted?

A

due to several other theories supporting it

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3
Q

a theory states that the solar system was formed through materials left from collapsed massive stars

A

nebular hypothesis

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4
Q

shields earth from solar radiation

A

magnetosphere

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5
Q

may have been due to additional core materials brought by the Planet Theia during its collision with earth 4.5 billion years ago

A

the strong magnetosphere of the earth

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6
Q

which planet collided with earth 4.5B years ago

A

Planet Theia

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7
Q

6 physical properties of minerals and rocks

A

crystal habit
luster
cleavage & fracture
hardness
color
streak

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8
Q

growth pattern of minerals

A

crystal habit

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9
Q

crystal habit in the pattern of cube, square

A

equant

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10
Q

crystal habit in the pattern of growing lengths

A

elongate

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11
Q

crystal habit in the pattern of flat sheets

A

platy

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12
Q

interaction of light with solid materials e.g., opaque, transparent, dull

A

luster

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13
Q

tendency of minerals to break along very smooth, flat, shiny surfaces

A

cleavage and fracture

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14
Q

resistance to scratching

A

hardness

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15
Q

minerals have distinct ___ to easy identification

A

colors

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16
Q

color of the mineral in its powdered form

A

streak

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17
Q

describes ability of minerals to react with other substances (dana system)

A

chemical properties

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18
Q

dana system: found in uncombined forms

e.g., Au, Cu, Fe

A

native element

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19
Q

dana system: Metal + Si + O

e.g., SiO(4) [Quartz]

A

Silicates

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20
Q

dana system: Metal + S + O

e.g., CaSO(4) [Gypsum]

A

Sulfates

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21
Q

dana system: Metal + S

e.g., HgS [Cinnabar]. Fool’s Gold [Pyrite, FeS(2)]

A

Sulfides

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22
Q

dana system: Metal + O

e.g., Fe2+Fe3+O(8) [Magnetite]

A

O)(ides

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23
Q

dana system: Metal + P + O

e.g., Ca(3)PO(4) - Calcium phosphate

A

Phosphates

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24
Q

dana system: Metal + C + O

e.g., CaCO(3) - Lime

A

Carbonates

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25
Q

dana system: Metal + Halogen

e.g., NaCl

A

Halides

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26
Q

dana system: Coal, pearl, limonite, obsidian

A

Mineraloids

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27
Q

Phosphates, nitrates, and Potassium-containing elements are used as?

A

Fertilizer

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28
Q

CaO and CaCO3 play an important role in agriculture. what role is it?

A

neutralizes acidity for soil absorption

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29
Q

What is Titanium used for in the medical setting?

A

Transplant due to its non-allergenic property

30
Q

Minerals play vital role to __ and __

A

bodily functions, metabolism

31
Q

cooled down magma and lava

A

igneous

32
Q

from magma, cooled down below the surface of the earth

granite, pegmatite

A

intrusive igneous rocks

33
Q

granite & pegmatite are what type of rocks?

A

intrusive igneous rocks

34
Q

from lava, cooled down on surface

pumice, scoria

A

extrusive igneous rocks

35
Q

low viscosity; Fe + Mg

A

basalt

36
Q

high viscosity; quartz/silicate

A

obsidian

37
Q

formed from weathering of rocks or organic materials and sedimentation

A

sedimentary rocks

38
Q

from weathered fragments of rocks, pebbles, and stone

A

clastic sedimentary rock

39
Q

chemical precipates of rocks

A

chemical sedimentary rocks

40
Q

from organic remains, including fossils

A

organic sedimentary rocks

41
Q

pumise & scoria are what type of rocks

A

extrusive igneous rocks

42
Q

basalt & obsidian are what type of rocks

A

igneous rocks

43
Q

from other parent materials processed through heat and pressure

A

metamorphic rocks

44
Q

has layers or strata (lines)

A

foliated

45
Q

no strata

A

non-foliated

46
Q

2 mineral resources

A

surface mining and underground mining

47
Q

most common type of mining in modern era

A

surface mining

48
Q

extraction of inorganic materials such as gold, lead, molybdenum, vertical orientation of excavation

A

open pit mining

49
Q

extraction of organic and inorg materials such as clay, coal, tar. horizontal orientation of ecavation along earth layers

A

strip mining

50
Q

excavation of sediments on bodies of water

A

dredging

51
Q

dangerous and epensive mining method; ecavation through mine tunnels

A

underground mining

52
Q

3 fossil fuel formations

A

coal, oil, natural gas

53
Q

derived from plant remains from millions of years ago, peat — lignite — bituminous & sub-bituminous coal, anthracite

A

coal

54
Q

derived from algae trap beneath earth layers, forming crude oil

A

oil

55
Q

hydrocarbons and methane, trapped beneath seabed surface from anaerobic organisms

A

natural gas

56
Q

2 factors affecting fossil formation

A
  1. absence of decomposers
  2. soil quality
57
Q

energy from organic remains is trapped beneath earth, affecting fossil formation

A

absence of decomposers

58
Q

clay soils help prevent decomposers from interacting with organic remains; prevents oxygen to oxidize with the organic material

loose soils allows moisture, microorganisms, and O to alter and decompose organic materials

A

soil quality

59
Q

Energy resources

A

Nuclear power plants

60
Q

Nuclear reaction or radioactive decay of Uranium produces HEAT energy to create steam then pushes turbine of generator to make electricity

A

Nuclear Power Plants

61
Q

Considered as clean energy

A

nuclear power

62
Q

Why is nuclear power considered as clean energy

A

it has high energy outputs without adverse effects to environment compared to fossil fuels.

63
Q

Nuclear power plants avoid continuous chain reaction of radioactive elements by absorbing fast-moving neutrons using?

A

control rod

64
Q

97% earths water

A

saline water

65
Q

3% earths water (Majority in Glaciers)

A

Freshwater

66
Q

water present on earths surface e.g., lake ocean rivers

A

surface water

67
Q

water below earths surface

A

ground water

68
Q

shortage of water occurs despite the water cycle because of water pollution, what happens?

A

water basins unavailable for use aww

69
Q

3 activities affecting water quality

A

industrial wastes
agricultural and residential wastes
sedimentation

70
Q

soil resources diminishes due to mismanagement and misuse. what 2 factors negatively affects these?

A

agriculture, mining and construction

Earth Science 11 (4 decks)

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