Quarter 1, LESSON 2-4 Flashcards
The potential disaster loses in lives, health
statuses, livelihoods, assets and services
which could occur in a particular
community or a society over some specified
future time period.
disaster risk
the elements at risk from a
natural or man-made hazard event
Exposure
a potentially dangerous physical
occurrence, phenomenon or human activity
that may result in loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation.
Hazard
the condition determined by
physical, social, economic and
environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard
Vulnerability
the condition determined by
physical, social, economic and
environmental factors or processes, which
increase the susceptibility of a community to
the impact of hazard
Vulnerability
it describes the condition of a society or community, asset or system that make them prone to the impact of a hazard.
Vulnerability
measures those who experience
disaster firsthand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems, followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care
practitioners and the lowest risk are those most distant like those who have awareness of the disaster only through news.
Severity of exposure
Those that go through disaster
Higher risk
In close contact of victims
High risk
Had indirect exposure
low exposure
• Girls suffer more negative effects
• Disaster recovery is more stressful when children are present in the home.
Gender and family
• 40-60 years old likely to be more distressed after disasters
• Children more severe distress after disasters than adults.
Age
_______years old likely to be more distressed after disasters
40-60
natural disasters have more severe effects than do human caused disasters in developed countries
developing countries
• The support of others can be both a risk and a resilience factor.
• Social support can weaken after disasters
• Sometimes the responses from other disaster victims rely on for support are negative.
Low or negative social support
Risk factors underlying disaster
(SGADL)
1. Severity of exposure
2. Gender and family
3. Age
4. Developing Countries
5. Low or negative social support
IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF RISK FACTORS
(EHV)
1. Exposure
2. Hazard
3. Vulnerability
the alteration of the world’s
climate that we humans are causing such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other practices that increase the carbon footprint and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
Climate change
is the change that can be
attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the
global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods”.
Climate Change
Increases of air and water temperatures lead to rising sea levels, supercharged storms and higher wind speeds, more intense and prolonged droughts and wildfire seasons, heavier precipitation and flooding.
Climate change
Changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards. For instance, deforestation of slopes often leads to an increase in landslide hazard and removal of mangroves can increase the damage caused by storm surges.
Environmental Degradation
It results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale. Currently increasing the exposure of assets in hazard prone areas, globalized economic development provides an opportunity to build resilience if effectively managed.
Globalized Economic Development
Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing measures. The lack of access to insurance and social protection means that people in poverty are often forced to use their already limited assets to buffer disaster losses, which drives them into further poverty.
Poverty and Inequality
The growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty.
Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development
environments in which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic services and public services.
Weak Governance
Factors which underlie disaster
(CEGPPW)
1. Climate change
2. Environmental Degradation
3. Globalized Economic Development
4. Poverty and Inequality
5. Poorly planned and managed urban development
6. Weak Governance
• Includes the visible or tangible materials,
whether natural or man-made which have
been affected by a disaster.
• The altered or removed structures may
change the landscape, zoning and
accessibility of an area.
For Example:
➢ Injuries
➢ physical disabilities or illness
➢ sanitation
➢ damage infrastructure
physical perspective
• Refers to the peoples emotion, cognitive or interpersonal reaction to the difficulties.
• Catastrophic events can cause shock, terror, anxiety, disbelief, nightmares, trauma,
social withdrawal or alienation or depression
to victims.
Psychological Perspective
Filipinos are generally known as “matisin”, resourceful, helpful, optimistic, and prayerful. Filipino people have spirit of unity whenever the disaster strikes.
Socio-cultural Perspective
To people who are used to natural calamities
like typhoons, flash floods, and volcanic
eruptions most citizen would find
contentment with what they have at the
moment. The culture of “malalampasan din natin’to. “belief and “bahala na ang Diyos” syndrome give hope to most Filipinos in the
midst of a disaster.
Socio-cultural Perspective
Such perspective helps a lot especially those
who belong to the marginalized sector to be
hopeful and continue fighting against any
challenge at hand. Their belief that a help
from someone or from God would arrive at a
time they most needed. It also helps most
people survive a lot of oddities in life
Socio-cultural Perspective
Disasters affect the economic condition of a community because they reduce local and international trade. It can also partially or totally paralyze a country’s transportation system, just like what happened in the COVID19 pandemic.
Economic perspective
_____ commitments are often cited as
essential for governments and people to
reduce potential human suffering in
disasters ranging from disease, hunger and
poverty to climate vulnerability.
Political Perspective
• Takes into consideration the potential for infectious or communicable diseases after a disaster takes place. In the aftermath of a disaster humans and animals that have been injured become susceptible to infection.
• The disturbing effects caused by a prevalent kind of disease or virus in an epidemic or pandemic level is known as biological disaster
Biological Perspective
Biological disaster affects
large numbers of people within a given community or area.
Epidemic Level
Biological disaster affects
a much large region, sometime spanning entire continents or the globe
Pandemic
Disaster from different perspectives
(PSEP)
1. Physical perspective
2. Socio-cultural Perspective
4. Economic perspective
5. Political Perspective
6. Biological Perspective
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), formerly known as the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR), define hazard as a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
Basic Concept of Hazard
UNDRR
UNISDR
United nations of disaster risk reduction
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster reduction
has only the potential to cause
destruction or negative impacts to life and property.
Hazard
is a hazard that already
occurred and already caused destruction and devastating impacts.
disaster
are naturally occurring phenomena or
processes.
Natural Hazard
are hazards that are outcomes of the interaction of natural phenomena and manmade activities.
Quasi-Natural Hazard
Hazards are those that result from human activities and actions.
Man-made/Human-induced/Anthropogenic
Classification of Hazard
(NQM)
1.Natural
2.Quasi-Natural Hazard
3.Man-made/Human-induced/Anthropogenic
Classification of natural hazard ( in other references
(NTE)
1. natural
2. Technological
3. Environmental Degradation
Classification of Natural Hazards
- Geologic Hazards.
- Hydrometeorological Hazards
- Biological Hazards
are natural phenomena or processes that
occur in the Earth’s Crust
Geologic Hazard
are atmospheric, hydrological, and
oceanographic natural processes or
phenomena.
Hydrometeorological Hazard
living things or substances from living things
that can cause illnesses and diseases or any
harm.
Biological Hazard
are man-made hazards caused by
technological, infrastructure, or industrial
accidents or failures.
technological hazard
are processes caused or induced by human
activities or in combination with natural
hazards.
Environmental Degradation
are hazards that have early signs or
indicators before its occurrence.
slow onset hazard
are hazards that occur or strike without any
prior signs or warnings.
rapid or sudden onset hazard
death and injuries (casualties) of people, and
destruction or damages to properties and
infrastructures
Physical Impact
psychological trauma, chronic anxiety,
depression, and other emotional and mental
disorders
Psychological Impact
migration, alteration of traditional social
status, loss of cultural identity, ethnic
conflicts, sexual abuse and domestic
violence, and changes in lifestyle.
Socio-cultural impact
loss of employment, livelihood and
property/land.
Economic Impact
environmental contamination, loss of forests
and natural rivers
Environmental Impact
spread of epidemic diseases to people, flora
and fauna.
Biological Impact
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