Quarks and Leptons Flashcards
For a proton, give:
i) the symbol
ii) charge
iii) its antiparticle, charge and symbol
iv) rest energy (in MeV)
v) interactions it is involved in
i) p
ii) +1
iii) antiproton, -1, p̄
iv) 938
v) Strong, weak decay, electromagnetic
For a neutron, give:
i) the symbol
ii) charge
iii) its antiparticle, charge and symbol
iv) rest energy (in MeV)
v) interactions it is involved in
i) n
ii) 0
iii) antineutron, 0, n̄
iv) 939
v) Strong, weak decay
For an electron, give:
i) the symbol
ii) charge
iii) its antiparticle, charge and symbol
iv) rest energy (in MeV)
v) interactions it is involved in
i) e⁻
ii) -1
iii) positron, +1, e⁺
iv) 0.511
v) weak, electromagnetic
For a neutrino, give:
i) the symbol
ii) charge
iii) its antiparticle, charge and symbol
iv) rest energy (in MeV)
v) interactions it is involved in
i) ν
ii) 0
iii) antineutrino, 0, v̅
iv) 0
v) weak
For a muon, give:
i) the symbol
ii) charge
iii) its antiparticle, charge and symbol
iv) rest energy (in MeV)
v) interactions it is involved in
i) μ⁻
ii) -1
iii) antimuon, +1, μ⁺
iv) 106
v) weak, electromagnetic
For a pi messon, give:
i) the symbol
ii) charge
iii) its antiparticle, charge and symbol
iv) rest energy (in MeV)
v) interactions it is involved in
i) π⁺, π⁰, π⁻
ii) +1, 0, -1
iii) π⁺ for π⁻
π⁻ for π⁺
π⁰ for π⁰
iv) 140, 135, 140
v) strong, electromagnetic (for π⁺, π⁻)
For a K messon, give:
i) the symbol
ii) charge
iii) its antiparticle symbol
iv) rest energy (in MeV)
v) interactions it is involved in
i) K⁺, K⁰, K⁻
ii) +1, 0, -1
iii) K⁺ for K⁻
K⁻ for K⁺
K⁰ for K̅⁰
iv) 494, 498, 494
v) strong, electromagnetic (for K⁺, K⁻)
What 2 categories do matter and antimatter split into ?
Hadrons and Leptons
What 2 categories do hadrons split into?
Baryons and Mesons
Define a baryon
Baryons are protons and all other hadrons (including neutrons) that decay into protons, either directly or indirectly
Define a meson
Mesons are hadrons that do not include protons in their decay products (e.g. K and π mesons)
For the collision of 2 particles, using the conservation of energy, give the equation for the rest energy of the products
Product rest E = Total E before - KE of products
What is 1 GeV equal to in MeV?
1000 MeV
Describe the quark composition for a baryon
3 quarks or 3 antiquarks
Describe the quark composition for a meson
A quark and an anti-quark
Give the quark composition for a:
i) proton
ii) antiproton
i) p = uud
ii) p̄ = ūūd̄
Give the quark composition for a:
i) neutron
ii) antineutron
i) n = udd
ii) n̄ = ūd̄d̄
Give the quark composition for:
i) π⁺
ii) π⁻
iii) π⁰
i) π⁺ = ud̄
ii) π⁻ = ūd
iii) π⁰ = uū or dd̄
Give the quark composition and strangeness for:
i) K⁺
ii) K⁻
iii) K⁰
iv) K̄⁰
i) K⁺ = us̄ (Strangeness +1)
ii) K⁻ = ūs (Strangeness -1)
iii) K⁰ = ds̄ (Strangeness +1)
iv) K̄⁰ = d̄s (Strangeness -1)
Give the 3 types of leptons (not including neutrinos or anti-leptons)
e⁻ (Electron)
μ⁻ (Muon)
τ⁻ (Tau)
Give the products for the reaction between a neutrino/anti-neutrino and a hadron and give an example
The neutrino/anti-neutrino can change into or form a corresponding charged lepton
e.g. νₑ + n →p + e⁻
Give the products for the decay of a muon
A muon neutrino, an electron and an anti-electron neutrino
μ⁻ → e⁻ + νₑ + ν(μ)
State the conservation of lepton number
The lepton number is always conserved
In what interactions is strangeness always conserved?
Strong interactions
State the 3 types of quark, and give their charge and strangeness
Up (u), charge +⅔, strangeness 0
Down (d), charge -⅓, strangeness 0
Strange (s), charge -⅓, strangeness -1
Describe β⁻ decay in terms of quarks
In a neutron-rich nucleus, a down quark changes into an up quark, releasing a β⁻ particle and a ν̄ₑ. It interacts by the W⁻ force
Describe β⁺ decay in terms of quarks
In a proton-rich nucleus, an up quark changes into a down quark, releasing a β⁺ particle and a νₑ. It interacts by the W⁺ force
Give the rules of conservation for all particle interactions
- Energy is conserved (in all changes)
- Lepton number is always conserved
- Baryon number is always conserved
- Strangeness is conserved in any strong interaction