Quarantinable Diseases Flashcards
What is the purpose of quarantine regulations in regards to the internationally quarantinable diseases?
Movements of Navy vessels, aircraft, and others arriving at or leaving the US or foreign countries may introduce and disseminate communicable diseases and undesirable species.
What are the 9 quarantinable diseases?
Cholera Diphtheria Infectious TB Plague Smallpox Yellow Fever Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers SARS Influenza caused by novel/reemergent flu
Disease: an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae
Cholera
Disease: Often mild or without symptoms, sometimes severe. 1 in 20 persons profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps (rapid loss of body fluids, dehydration, and shock, death can occur w/o tx)
Cholera
Disease: Contracted by contaminated source usually feces of an infected person or drinking water/food contaminated with this bacterium. Spread rapidly in inadequate tx of sewage/drinking water, brackish rivers and coastal waters.
Cholera
T or F: Cholera is likely to spread from one person to another by casual contact with an infected person.
F
Methods of control for Cholera:
- Active IMMZ with oral vaccines
- MER case report required by WHO,
- isolation of severely ill patients, hand-washing, and fly control
- Concurrent disinfection of feces/vomitus of linens/articles
Disease: Infectious disease of animals and humans caused by a bacterium named Yersinia pestis,
Plague, “The Black Death”
Disease: Usually when bitten by a rodent flea (oriental rat flea) that is carrying this bacterium or handling infected animal.
Plague
Disease: millions of people in Europe died from this in the Middle Ages, modern antibiotics are effective but if infected person is not treated promptly disease is likely to cause death.
Plague
What are the clinical forms of plague?
Bubonic + Pneumonic
Disease: Lymphadenitis develops in lymph nodes receiving drainage from the site of flea bite forming lesions, fever is usually present.
Bubonic plague
Disease: Extensive involvement of lungs, sputum loaded with causative agent. Respiratory droplets may serve as source of propagation, leading to outbreaks/epidemics.
Pneumonic plague
Methods of control for plague:
- Reduce likelihood of being bitten by fleas or exposure
- Educate
- Rat-proof bldgs.
- Storage/disposal of food/garbage
- Patient isolation/concurrent disinfection
- Clothing repellants
- MER case report required by WHO
Disease: Very rare disease in travelers, but most countries require a vaccine for this illness. Transmitted between humans by mosquito (Aedes egypti).
Yellow fever
Methods of control for Yellow Fever:
- Insect repellent, PPE, mosquito netting
- IMMS of live virus
- Isolation
- MER case report required by WHO
What are the immunization requirements for Yellow Fever?
Live virus single dose lasting 10yrs
Adults and children >9 months old
When is booster dose needed for Yellow fever?
If continued risk of yellow fever infection, use booster dose X10yrs
Can Yellow fever vaccine be administered with immune globulin?
Yes, doesn’t interfere
In what locations is yellow fever vaccine administered?
@ designated yellow fever vaccination centers given by local health department
Disease: Last acquired case in the world occurred in OCT1977 in Somalia, Global eradication was certified by WHO in 1979.
Small pox
Disease: Infectious agent is variola, systemic viral disease generally presenting with skin eruptions within 2-4 days, infection via respiratory tract (droplet spread) or skin inoculation.
Small pox
How is Small pox spread?
respiratory tract (droplet spread) skin inoculation
Methods of control for Small pox?
IMMZ of live virus vaccine
Immediate telephonic to local + state health authorities is obligatory for non-varicella, smallpox-like cases