Quantum Physics Flashcards
Gauss Law
faradays law
both are dot
the total electric flux out of a closed surface (area) is equal to the charge enclosed divided by the permittivity
the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the net electric charge enclosed by the surface
faradays law
The electromotive force around a closed path is equal to the negative of the rate of change of the magnetic flux enclosed by the path.
Gauss law of magnetism
Ampere-Maxwell law:
both are cross
the net magnetic flux of the magnetic field must always be zero over any closed surface. (area)
AMPERE MAXWELL
The total current passing through any surface of which the closed loop is is the sum of the conduction current and the rate of displacement current.
Gauss law formula
Fardays law formula
Gauss Magnetic formula
Maxwell ampere formula
properties of EM WAVES
∇.E = P/εo
∇ . E = - ∂B/∂t
∇XB=0
∇XE = J (μ+ ∂D/∂t)
1) Vibrations of E & B
2) fields through free space at speed C
3) E and B are perpindicular to the direction of propogation
4) E/B = c
is divergence cross product or dot product
is curl cross product or dot product
what is gradient using del operator
dot product, cross
what is gradient using del operator
The gradient is a vector field that results from the del operator acting on a scalar field
what did maxwell propose
what does comptons effect only depend on
Maxwell proposed the converse: a changing electric field has
a magnetic field associated with it.
what does comptons effect only depend on
the Compton shift, depends only on the scattering angle 0, and not
on the initial wavelength A
what are wave packets and what is, group velocity
a group of superposed waves which together form a travelling localized disturbance,
its the velocity of a representative point on the wave packet
is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space. It represents the velocity at which a single point of constant phase (such as a crest or trough) moves.
group velocity is the velocity of the full packet
position momentum uncertainty
energy time uncertainty
uncertainty relation for circular motion
the position of a particle and momentum of a particle cannot be determined simultaneously with unlimited precision
energy
the energy and life of a particle in a state cannot be determined simultaneously with unlimited precision
circular motion
the angular position and angular momentum of a particle in a circular motion cannot be determined simultaneously with unlimited precision
what is Significance of the Poynting Vector
Poynting vector represents the direction and magnitude of energy flow in an electromagnetic wave
gives the rate of energy transfer per unit area for an electromagnetic wave
Its direction points along the direction in which energy propagates.
Poynting vector helps calculate the total energy flowing through a surface.
What the signifiance/intrpretation of wave function/Normalization of wave functions
What is borns rule
Probability density
The square of the absolute value of the wave function, or |ψ|2, represents the probability density of finding a particle in a specific location at a given time = 1.
Or probability of finding the particle in unit volume in
three dimensional space
Quantum state
The wave function represents the quantum state of a system, such as an atom or particle.
wave packet 𝚿 is a
probability amplitude
* The wavefunction carries information about the system
wave function is the probability amplitude
The wave function evolves according to the Schrödinger equation, which allows for the prediction of future probabilities.
BORNS RULE
The Born Rule in Quantum Mechanics is mathematically expressed as P = |ψ|²,
what is plane polarised, circular, eliptical,unpolorised light
A plane wave is called linearly polarized. horizontall
and vertically linearly polarized same phase/amplitude at a 45 degrees
If light is composed of two plane waves of equal amplitude but differing
in phase by 90°, then the light is said to be circularly polarized
If two plane waves of differing amplitude are related in phase by 90°, or
if the relative phase is other than 90° then the light is said to be
elliptically polarized
what is black body
found materials which absorb all incident rays
Such a material on heating would emit all wavelengths of radiation
absorbed
OR
bodies that have surfaces which absorb all the thermal radiation incident upon them.
what is classical wave theory assumption
what was the UV cathostrophe
Assumed that energy content of the wave is
proportional to the square of the amplitude of the waves
UV
Rayleigh and Jeans showed that the
number of modes was proportional to ν^2
also Rayleigh and Jeans considered the average energy of the
oscillators as per Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law
as E = kBT
although the curves agree at low frequencies, classical physics predicted too much energy at high frequencies, leading to the ultraviolet catastrophe.
what conclusion did max plancks have regarding the average energy of the oscillators
how is energy determined for particle-particle interaction of EM radiation
the collection of harmonic oscillators of
different frequencies and the energy of the radiations has to be packets
of hν or nhv and thus it was related with the experimental values
particle-particle
Energy is quantized in terms of hν
Wavelength and frequency - effect on energy
KE of matter particles like electrons
what is the value of the compton shift h/MoC
and what is the value of h dash
p^2/2m
2.42410^-12
1.05510^-34
In a non-dispersive medium the group velocity is equal to the phase velocity (TRUE, OR FALSE)
TRUE, all frequency components of a wave travel at the same speed. Therefore, the group velocity (velocity at which the wave packet or energy propagates) is equal to the phase velocity (velocity at which the phase of the wave propagates).
