Quantum mechanics Flashcards
What is provided by “ψ2”?
Information about tan electron’s location in an allowed energy state; it gives us the probability that an electron is at that given position.
What is an orbital?
A specific distribution of electron density around an atom.
How many quantum numbers we use to describe orbitals?
Principal quantum number = n (size)
Azimuthal quantum number = l (shape)
Magnetic quantum number = ml (orientation)
mS = Orientation of electron in an orbital
As n increases the orbital becomes_____________, and the electron is __________ from the __________. Also, the energy associated with an orbital __________ as ___ increases.
Bigger, further away, nucleus, increases, n.
If orbitals have the same value of n, they are considered to be in the same…
Electronic shell
If orbitals have the same value of n and l, they are considered to be in the same…
Electronic subshell
An individual orbital is defined by a unique set which numbers?
n, l, and m1
How is the azimuthal number defined?
Values from 0 to n-1 and letters (s, p, d, f)
How is the m1 number defined?
-l to +l
How is the ms number defined?
2l + 1
What are the numbers related to the letters of the azimuthal number?
s(0), p(1), d(2), f(3)
When describing orbitals we are talking about the probability that an electron…
Will be in a given position.
The p orbital has 3 subshells
True
How many subshells does a d orbital have?
Five
How many subshells does a f orbital have?
Seven
What is the possible number for ms?
-1/2 or +1/2, referred to as spin up or spin down
Two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers.
False. Each electron has a specific set of quantum numbers. This is called the Pauli Exclusion Principle
Electrons will start filling up the ______ energy orbitals. This is referred to as the _________.
Lowest; ground state
What are called two electrons or opposite spin?
Paired
What is called an electro by itself?
Unpaired
What is the Hund’s rule?
“For degenerate orbitals, the lowest energy state (most stable) is obtained when the number of electrons with the same spin in maximized.”
What is the primary force behind Hund’s rule?
Electrostatic repulsion between electrons
What are the most stable elements?
The ones with full shells. There is no room for electrons to move, thus elements with full shells are particularly stable and nonreactive.
What are the electrons that drive reactivity and atom behavior?
Valence electrons



