Exam 2 Flashcards
What is a combustion reaction?
It is reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen to form one or more oxygen-containing compounds. It produces a flame and often requires a heat source.
How do we indicate states in equations?
solid (s); liquid (l); gas (g); aqueous solution (aq)
What is the quantitative analysis of a chemical reaction?
Stoichiometry
When doing Stoichiometry we can convert between moles and grams
False, we can only convert between moles.
What are limiting reactants?
The reactants that run out first
The quantity of limiting reactant determines…
…the amount of product formed
What is the simplified process for identifying the limiting reactant?
Stablish a moles to coefficient ratio, dividing the number of moles by the coefficient of the substance.
What are the types of yields we can consider during a reaction?
Theoretical, actual, and percent yield
What are some of the reasons for a reaction not to be completed?
Impurities, side reactions, etc.
Theoretical yield
Quantity of product produced IF the reaction was completed
Actual yield
What is actually produced
Percent yield
Actual yield/theoretical yield multiplied by 100
Combination reaction
When two reactants come together to form a single product; for example: 2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) -> 2MgO (s). They can be two elements forming a compound or two compounds combining to form another compound.
If a combination reaction happens between a metal and a non-metal we have a…
…ionic compound
Decomposition reactions
A single reactant decomposes into two or more products; often occur when a sample is heated. Ex: CaCo3 (s) -> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
Some reactions may be multiple types
True
Alkali Metal reactions
Vigorous reactions of alkali metals with nonmetals. They also react with water to form the dissolved alkali metal ion, hydroxide ion, and hydrogen gas. These reactions become progressively more vigorous as we move down the group.
Halogen reactions
They will react with many metals to form metal halides. They also react with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides; also react with each other to form interhalogen compounds.
What is a solution?
Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Solvent
The substance in greater quantity
Solute
The substance in lesser quantity
What is the most used concentration unit?
Molarity. It is expressed in mols/L
Dilution is…
…the process of adding a solvent to a solution to lower its concentration
How many types of titration solutions are there?
Three; Acid/Base, Redox, Precipitation
What is the equivalence point of the titration?
The point at which the acid and base are completely neutralized
No molecular compounds dissociate into water
False. Acids dissociate in an aqueous solution
What are the solubility rules?
If more than 0.01 moil of a substance will dissolve in 1L of water, we call that substance soluble; if less than 0.01 mol dissolves, it is insoluble
All ionic compounds of group _______ as well as the ________ (___) ion are soluble in water
1A metals; ammonium - NH4+
NO3- and C2H3O2-
Always soluble
Cl-, Br-, I-
Are soluble but the exceptions are: Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+
SO42-
Soluble except for Sr2+, Ba2+, Hg22+, Pb2+
CO32-, PO43-
Insoluble but the exceptions are NH4+ and the alkali metal cations
S2- and OH-
Insoluble except for compounds of NH4+, the alkali metal cations and Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+
Hydrogens are attracted to…
anions
Oxygens are attracted to…
cations
What is an acid?
A compound that when dissolved into water dissociates into H+ and an anion
What are the seven strong acids?
HCl, HBr, HI, HClO3, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4
Monoprotic acids
HCl, only one H proton
Polyprotic acids
H2SO4, more than one H proton
What is a base?
It reacts with H+ ions (they are called proton acceptors); upon dissolution they produce OH-.
Strong electrolytes differ from weak electrolytes because
Strong dissociate completely, weak partially dissociates
An acid’s reactivity depends on its strength
False. It doesn’t. HF is weak but also reactive
What happens when we mix an acid and a base?
Neutralization reaction. Reactants are base and acids, products (when base is a hydroxide) are water and a salt (soluble ionic compound)
H (aq) + OH (aq) - H2O
Always the net ionic for reactions between strong acids and strong bases
