Quantitative Research Methodology Flashcards
describes the research mode (quali/quanti, specific research type)
Research Design
target population & sample frame
respondents of the study
specific type of instrument that will be used as questionnaires, etc.
Instrument of the Study
instrument must pass the validity and reliability tests before it is utilized
establishing and validating reliability
- one of the many ways of establishing objectivity of research findings
- subjecting the data to different but appropriate statistical formulas and processes
statistical treatment
- concerned primarily with cause & effect relationship
- known as the “method of difference”
experimental design
there are variables that are not part of the study but are believed to influence the outcomes
experimental research
labeled threats to internal & external validity
intervening or extraneous variables
the degree to which changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to the dependent variable
internal validity
the degree to which changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to the extraneous variable
external validity
ability of a certain tool to measure what it intends to measure
validity
when the subjects or respondents of the study are not randomly selected
selection bias
enumerate the threats to internal validity
- selection bias
- maturation
- history
- instrumentation change
- mortality
- testing
when the experiment is conducted beyond a longer period of time during which most of the subjects undergo physical, emotional, and/or psychological changes
maturation
happens during the conduct of the study when an unusual event affects the result of the experiment
history
the instrument used in gathering the data must not be changed or replaced during the conduct of the study
instrumentation change
- when 1 or more subjects die, drop out, or transfer.
- participation in the experiment is not completed
Mortality
when a pretest is given to subjects who have knowledge of baseline data
testing
enumerate the threats to external validity
- experimenter effect
- hawthorne effect
- measurement effect
the characteristics of the researcher affect the behavior of the subjects/respondents
experimenter effect
respondents/subjects respond artificially to the treatment because they know they are being observed as part of the research study
hawthorne effect
subjects have been exposed to the treatment through taking the pretest
measurement effect
- Subjects are randomly assigned to groups
- A pretest is given to both groups.
- The experimental group receives the treatment while the control group does not
- A posttest is given to both groups
PRETEST-POSTTEST CONTROLLED GROUP DESIGN
- Subjects are randomly assigned to groups
- The experimental group receives the treatment while the control group does not.
- A posttest is given to both groups.
POSTTEST CONTROLLED GROUP DESIGN
- Subjects are randomly assigned to groups
- Two of the groups (experimental group 1 and control group 1) are pretested.
- The other two groups (experimental group 2 and control group 2) receive the routine treatment or no treatment. 4. A posttest is given to all four groups
SOLOMON FOUR-GROUP DESIGN
In this design, it is either no control group or the subject are not randomly assigned to groups.
Quasi-Experimental Design
No random assignment of subjects to the experimental and control groups.
Non-Equivalent Controlled Group Design
The researcher periodically observes or measures the subjects.
Time-Series Design
In this design, the researcher has little control over the research which makes this design to be weak.
Pre-Experimental Design
A single group is exposed to an experimental treatment then the researcher will observe the group after the treatment.
One-Shot Case Study
The researcher provides comparative description of a group of subjects before and after the experimental treatment.
One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Quantitative Research Designs
- Experimental Research Design
- Non-experimental Research Design
Experimental Research Designs
- True Experimental Design
- Quasi-Experimental Design
- Pre-Experimental Design
True Experimental Designs
- Pretest-posttest controlled group deisgn
- Posttest only controlled group design
- Solomon four-group design
Pretest and posttest have..?
Multiple observations
Pre-experimental designs
- One-shot case study
- One-group pretest-posttest design
