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Nursing Knowledge And Research > Quantitative Research > Flashcards

Quantitative Research Flashcards

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0
Q

What is quantitative research based on?

A

Positivism and post - positivism

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1
Q

What is a paradigm?

A

Pattern of belief and general assumptions

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2
Q

What is methodology in research?

A

A set of principles that directs research

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3
Q

Is quantitative research measurable?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What is pre stated in quantitative research?

A

Aims, objectives and hypothesis

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5
Q

What must procedures be in quantitative research?

A

Standardised

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6
Q

How is quantitative research presented?

A

Statistically

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7
Q

Are the outcome measures of quantitative research valid and reliable?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What three things should results on quantitative research be aimed at?

A

Falsification, establishing casual relationships, establishing association between variables

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9
Q

List 5 features of case control studies

A

Observational study, conducted in retrospect, starts with a condition, matched with a control, unable to attribute causation

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10
Q

Give 4 features of randomised controlled trials

A

Perspective, intervention is given, participants randomly allocated,outcome of interest is measured

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11
Q

What are the 9 constituents of the Bradford hill criteria?

A
  1. Temporal relationship
  2. Strength
  3. Dose - response relationship
  4. Consistency
  5. Plausibility
  6. Consideration of alternative explanations
  7. Experiment
  8. Specificity
  9. Coherence
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12
Q

Give three features of the RCT design

A

Intervention, randomised, outcomes are measured

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13
Q

What is the null hypothesis?

A

No difference between control and intervention arms, assumed at the start of the study. Had to be disproved.

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14
Q

What is a variable?

A

Factor being investigated

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15
Q

An outcome of interest is a

A

Dependant variable

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16
Q

An intervention factor is a

A

Independent variable

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17
Q

What is the target group?

A

Population

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18
Q

What should the sample be representative of?

A

The population

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19
Q

What is probability sampling?

A

Unbiased sample

20
Q

What is non - probability sampling?

A

Selected sample

21
Q

What is simple random sampling?

A

Random selection

22
Q

What is stratified random sampling?

A

Put into groups according to characteristics

23
Q

What is cluster sampling?

A

Random selection of larger units eg hospitals

24
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

Random selection at predetermined interviews

25
Q

What are 4 factors effecting sample size?

A

Attrition, design, measurement, practical

26
Q

What is simple allocation in trial groups?

A

Tossing a coin

27
Q

What is block allocation in trial groups?

A

Keeping numbers even

28
Q

What is stratified allocation in trial groups?

A

Balance chosen characteristics

29
Q

What is single bind?

A

One person knows which arm they are in but the assessor of the outcome does not know

30
Q

What is double bind?

A

Neither he assessor of the participant know the arm they are in

31
Q

What is reliability in a trial?

A

Repeated measurements or assessments provide a consistent result given the same initial circumstances

32
Q

What is the main outcome for a study called?

A

The primary outcome

33
Q

What does validity in a study mean?

A

The measured tool measures what it is intended to measure

34
Q

What is the Hawthorne effect?

A

A participants reaction to being in a study

35
Q

What is data in quantitate research primarily?

A

Numerical

36
Q

What is descriptive statistics?

A

Displaying and summarising data in a way which is easily understood

37
Q

What are the 4 levels of measurement?

A

Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio

38
Q

Which of the levels of measurement has a fixed zero?

A

Ratio

39
Q

What are 4 ways of presenting data?

A

Tables, charts, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion.

40
Q

Give 2 approaches to statistical analysis

A

Hypothesis testing - P value

Estimation - confidence intervals

41
Q

What is the P value and what does it vary between?

A

Probability of obtaining the study results if the null hypothesis is true. Varies between 0-1

42
Q

What does a _<0.05 mean?

A

Evidence to reject the null hypothesis

43
Q

What is the power of a study?

A

Probability of being able to detect a difference between he study groups

44
Q

What do confidence intervals measure?

A

Precision in which the quantity of interest is measured

45
Q

What is a type 2 error?

A

A false negative result

46
Q

What are stats producing a p value called?

A

Inferential statistics

47
Q

What is the baseline data?

A

Data collected before the intervention but after the recruitment

Nursing Knowledge And Research (2 decks)

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