Quantitative Research Flashcards
What are the assumptions about quantitative research design?
The world is relatively stable, coherent, and uniform.
The world can be measured, understood, and generalized about.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative research?
Advantages: look at large bodies of information
Disadvantages:
Does quantitative research use inductive or deductive reasoning?
Deductive reasoning
What situation is each quantitative research method most appropriate for?
Survey research: describe current conditions
Correlational research: investigate the relationship between two or more variables
Causal-comparative research: provide information about a cause-effect relationship (limited)
Experimental research: provide information about a cause-effect relationship
Single subject research: studies behavior change of an individual as a result of intervention or research
When does quantitative research state the hypothesis?
At the outset of research
Which type of quantitative research controls the setting and manipulates on or more variable?
Experimental research
How does quantitative research analyze data?
Statistical procedures
Which research designs fall under the category of quantitative research?
Survey research
Correlational research
Causal-comparative research
Experimental research
Single-subject research
Random sampling (probability sampling)
Produces representative samples
Simple random
Most basic and well known type of random sample
EPSEM
ex. Draw names from hat, table or random numbers.
Stratified
Sampling frame is stratified.
Random sample is taken from each group.
Simple cluster
Random sample of clusters are selected.
All of the individual units in the selected clusters are included in the final sample.
Two stage cluster
Random sample of clusters selected.
A random sample of individual units within each cluster is selected.
Systematic
Non random sampling
- Determine sampling interval (symbolized by “k”).
- Randomly pick a number between one and “k” and include that person in your sample.
- Include each “k”th person in the sample
Non Random sampling
Any sampling technique other than a random sampling technique
Convenience (accidental or haphazard)
Using the people who are most available or easily selected.
Purposive sampling
Researcher specifies the characteristics of the population of interest and then locates individuals with those characteristics.
Quota sampling
Quotas are set
Convenience sampling is used to fill those quotas
What is the purpose of random sampling?
.
How does non random sampling differ from random sampling
All individuals are not equally likely to be chosen.
What is the purpose of survey/descriptive research?
Determines and reports the way things are
What are the major steps involved in designing and conducting a survey/descriptive study?
.
Name 3 ways data can be collected in survey/descriptive research?
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observations
What’s the purpose of causal comparative research?
To determine the cause or reason for existing differences
What’s the purpose of correlational research
To quantify the relationship between two or among two variables
What are the steps involved in correlational research?
.
What is the purpose of experimental research?
To determine true cause-effect relationships
What are the basic steps in conducting an experiment?
select participants group participants administer treatments control the research setting control the length of treatment exposure select research measures draw cause- effect conclusions.
What are the eight major threats to internal validity?
History
Maturation
Testing
Instrumentation
Statistical regression
Differential selection of the participants
Mortality
Selection-maturation interaction
What are the six major threats to external validity?
Pre-test treatment interaction
Selection-treatment interaction
Multiple-treatment interference
Specificity of variables
Treatment diffusion
Experimenter effects
Reactive arrangements
How is causal-comparative research different from correlational research?
Correlational research attempts to discern a relationship between variables.
Causal-comparative research attempts to determine a (limited) cause and effect relationship.
How is causal-comparative research different from experimental research?
Causal comparative research is limited in its ability to ascertain a cause-effect relationship, due to lack of researcher control.
Experimental research :
At least one independent variable is manipulated/controlled
Other relevant variables are controlled
Effect on one or more dependent variables are observed
Proportional random sampling
Subsamples are proportionate to their sizes in the population.
Disproportional stratified sampling
Sub samples are not proportionate to their sizes in the population.
