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2.1 Pharm > Quantitative Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Quantitative Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is drug synergy?

A

When you get a larger effect than you expected when you use two or more drugs together

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2
Q

What is drug antagonism?

A

when you get a smaller effect than you expected when you use two or more drugs together.

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3
Q

Equation for concentration?

A

Mass / Volume

Amount (moles) / volume

Dose / Vd

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4
Q

What is Volume of distribution (Vd)?

A

The volume of plasma that would be required to contain the drug dose at the concentration measured in plasma.

This can be greater than the total volume of a human due to tissue binding. This is because the drug accumulates and sticks to different tissues.

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5
Q

What is the unit for volume?

A

L

or

L/kg

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6
Q

What is the equation for dose?

A

Dose = C x Vd

or

Cl x AUCt

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7
Q

What is the equation for Ca?

A

Ca = Amount / Q

Q = the blood flow rate or volume

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8
Q

What is QCa and QCv?

A

QCa = The amount of drug entering per minute

QCv = The amount of drug leaving per minute

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9
Q

What is Q(Ca-Cv)?

A

The rate at which the drug is being eliminated by that particular tissue

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10
Q

What is E?

A

the fraction of drug removed

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11
Q

What is the equation for E?

the fraction of drug removed

A

Q (Ca-Cv)/QCa

= (Ca – Cv) / Ca -

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12
Q

What is extraction ratio?

A

The fraction of drug entering a tissue that is eliminated.

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13
Q

Explain values for E?

A

When E = 1, all is eliminated / metabolised

E = 0 when none is metabolised

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14
Q

What is the equation for rate of elimination?

A 
the blood flow rate 
x
Concentration of drug in the blood 
x 
fraction of blood cleared of drug

Q x C x E
or
Cl x C

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15
Q

What is Clearance, cl and what is the equation for it?

A

The volume of blood cleared of drug per minute

Cl = Q x E

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16
Q

Explain what Q and E are?

A

Q = how many ml of blood are entering the tissue, per minute

E = The fraction of drug that is getting cleared per minute

17
Q

Why might Cl be less than Q?

A

Because sometimes the enzymes can’t metabolise the drug fast enough.

18
Q

What is the equation for Amount of drug eliminated in time, t?

A

Volume cleared per unit time x [drug] x time = Cl x C x t

or

AUCt x Cl

Because AUC = C x t

AUCt = area under curve in time

19
Q

What is the equation for area under the curve?

A

C x t = AUC

20
Q

What is half-life?

A

The time required for elimination of half of the absorbed drug

21
Q

Explain first order?

A

the rate is proportional to the concentration of the drug

so Rate = k[drug]

22
Q

What is Zero rate?

A

The rate is constant

The rate depends on “zero variables”

23
Q

What determines the rate?

A

The clearance and the concentration

2.1 Pharm (13 decks)

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