Quantitative data analysis

Question 1

What is the product of data analysis?

Answer 1

KNOWLEDGE

Question 2

What are descriptive statistics?

Answer 2

details used to describe and summarize sample data

Question 3

what are inferential statistics?

Answer 3

combines mathematical processes and logic to test hypotheses about a population with the help of sample data

Question 4

What does the ALPHA level refer to?

Answer 4

it refers to the level of significance of the findings. the probability of making a type 1 error, usually accepted if the level is 0.05

Question 5

What does an alpha of 0.05 mean?

Answer 5

if the study was done 100 times, the decision to reject the null hypothesis would be wrong 5 times out of those 100 trials

Question 6

What are the 4 levels of data?

Answer 6

nominal
ordinal
interval
ratio

Question 7

Give an example of nominal level of measurement

Answer 7

simply used to classify characteristics into categories.
Gender
Marital status
Yes or no
Simply placing people into yes or no categories

Question 8

What is ordinal measurement?

Answer 8

permits the sorting of objects on the basis of their standing on a attribute relative to each other

• *A score is better or worse, but how much better or worse is not known
• *Likert type scale

Question 9

Give an example of interval measurement

Answer 9

events are ranked on a scale with equal intervals between the numbers but zero is not absolute. For example, 0 on a temperature scale doesnt represent the absence of temperature
EX: Score on intelligence test, temperature
Will be decreased by the reliability of the measuring tools

Question 10

What is the difference between parametric and non parametric statistics?

Answer 10

LOOK THIS UP

Question 11

What is the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics? Give an example of each.

Answer 11

D: meant to reduce data to manageable proportions by summarizing and organizing them to visually represent the relationship between variables EX: measures of central tendancy (mean, mode, median

I: combine mathematical processes to test the hypotheses about a population with the help of sample data. They are able to infer conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data of the study EX: chi-squared, t-test)

Question 12

What kinds of studies demand the use of both inferential and descriptive statistics?

Answer 12

correlational
comparative
experimental
quasi-experimental

Question 13

What kinds of studies use only descriptive statistics?

Answer 13

exploratory descriptive designs (case study)

**Sometimes correlational

Question 14

What determines the level of data in a study?

Answer 14

the responses yielded from the instrument used

Question 15

What is the difference between a dichotomous variable and a nominal variable?

Answer 15

D: has only 2 true values ie true/false, yes/no, male/female
N:have more than 2 true values but are still mutually exclusive ie single, marrie, divorced, separated or widowed

Question 16

What is ratio measurement? how is this different from interval?

Answer 16

ratio measurement means that variables are ranked on scales with equal intervals and absolute zeros. This means the number represents the actual amount of the property the object possesses ie zero actually means zero. EX height, weight, pulse, blood pressure.
Interval means things are ranked with equal intervals but the zero point remains arbitrary, not absolute.

Question 17

The choice of which statistical test to use is a function of which 3 things?

Answer 17

1. research design
2. Level of data
3. sampling procedure

Question 18

What is a confidence interval?

Answer 18

an estimated range of values within which the sample findings fall. Most commonly reported in research is a 95% CI, meaning that 95% of the time, the findings will fall within the range of values given

Question 19

What do you expect the difference to be between the Results section and the discussion section of a research paper?

Answer 19

Results: presents the raw data and analysis

Discussion: interprets the results and findings