Quantitative bias analysis

Question 1

When is quantitative bias analysis unnecessary?

Answer 1

• Descriptive studies
• No causal inferences
• Underpowered studies with large errors
• Coherent studies with dramatic effect sizes

Question 2

When is quantitative bias analysis advisable?

Answer 2

• Attempts to draw causal inference with undramatic effect sizes

Question 3

When is quantitative bias analysis essential?

Answer 3

• Policy recommendations

- Synthesis for decision-making

Question 4

Bias OR/RR

Answer 4

crude/adjusted