quantative chem Flashcards

1
Q

how do you calculate relative formula mass?

A

sum of all the RAMs in a compound
eg MgCl2 = 24 + (35.5 x 2) = 95

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2
Q

how do you calculate percentage formula mass?

A
  1. calculate RFM
  2. calculate mass of the elemnt in the compound
  3. mass of element/ RFM x 100
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3
Q

how do you calculate atom economy?

A

% atom economy = (mass desired product/ total mass of reactants) x 100

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4
Q

what is avogadro’s number (1 mole) ?

A

6.02 x 10^23

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5
Q

what is 1 mole?

A

a measure of how many particles in a substance eg in 23g of Na = 1 mole of Na atoms

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6
Q

moles = ?/?

A

mole = mass/ RAM or RFM

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7
Q

how do you calculate empirical formulae?

A
  1. mass
  2. RAM
  3. moles (by doing mass/RAM)
  4. look for simplest ratio by dividing through by smallest number
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8
Q

what is the empirical formulae?

A

silmplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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9
Q

what is the moleular formulae?

A

the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound or molecule

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10
Q

how do you calculate molecular mass?

A
  • molecular mass/ Rfm = molecular formulae
  • multiply the imperical formula to find the molecular formulae
  • eg imperical formulae = CH
    molecular mass = 78
    78/ 12 +1 = 6
    molecular formulae = C6H6
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11
Q

how do you calculate molar volume of gases?

A

no. of moles = volume of gas in dm^3 / 24 dm^3

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12
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

mass cannot be created or destroyed only changed

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13
Q

how do you calculate the ratio of water of crystallisation?

A
  1. work out moles of salt and water (mass/ Mr)
  2. divide by smallest number to find ratio of salt: water

work out ‘emperical formulae’ of salt:water

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14
Q

how does law of concentration mass apply to percipitation reactions?

A

mass of reactants is exactly the same as mass of products

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15
Q

why does mass appear to decrease/increase in a non-enclosed system?

A
  • if oxidized, mass will ‘increase’ because oxygen (one of the reactants) was not included in the total mass of reactants, but included in the total mass of products
  • if gas is ‘lost’ top the atmosphere i the reaction, it will ot be included in the total mass of products so it will appear to have decreased
    MASS HAS NOT BEEN DESTROYED OR CREATED
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16
Q

what does a balanced equation show?

A

correct proportions of reactants that react and products formed

17
Q

aka stoichiometric reacting masses

how do you calculate masses of reacting substances in chemical reactions? (4 steps)

A
  1. work out ratio from the equation of number of moles eg CaCO2 : CaO = 1:1
  2. calculate moles of known substance (mass/Mr)
  3. find moles in other substance using ratio
  4. caluclate mass of unknown substance from number of moles ( mass = moles x rfm)
18
Q

why might you not get as much product as you would expect? (4)

A
  1. reaction is incomplete or reversible
  2. side reactions or alternate products made
  3. impure reactions
  4. product lost during purficatio or isolatation
19
Q

how do you calculate percentage yield?

A
  1. calculate max amount of product (theoretical yield) using the ratio of the equation to calculate how many moles of the product there are, and then mass = moles x rfm
  2. actual yield/ theoretical yield x 100 = % yield
20
Q

what is the atom economy?

A

an indication of the amount of starting material that is converted into useful products

21
Q

how do you find out stoichimetric coefficients (balancing numbers) of an equation?

A
  1. convert masses to moles using moles=mass/rfm
  2. divide through by smallest number of moles to find simplest ratio
  3. make sure they are all integers
  4. write out and balance the equation
22
Q

when does an equation stop?

A

when all of one reactant is used up

23
Q

what is a limiting reagent?

A

reactant that is fully used up in the reaction

24
Q

what is an excess reagent?

A

the other reactant(s) which are not fully used up

26
Q

how do you work out which is the limiting vs excess reagent?

A
  1. work out the moles of each reagent
  2. the larger one is excess, smaller is limiting
    BUT check if there is a ratio that isnt 1:1
    eg 2:1 ratio, 0.05 moles of X to 0.08 moles of Y, divide 0.08/2 = 0.04, so X is in excess whilst Y is the limiting factor
27
Q

how do you calculate the mass produced when you know the masses of reagents?

A

multiply moles of limiting reagent by rfm to find mass of product