atoms, elements and compounds 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define element

A

a substance made of only one type of atom

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2
Q

how many elements are there?

A

118

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3
Q

define compound

A

2 or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio

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4
Q

define mixture

A

2 or more elements and/or compound not chemically combined

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5
Q

define relative atomic mass

A

mass of isotopes according to natural abundance

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6
Q

Examples of relative atomic mass

A

Copper 63.5

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7
Q

example of isotopes

A

Chlorine 35 and 37

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8
Q

how do you work out relative mass?
(word equation)
(say ‘a’ is atomic mass and ‘n’ is natural abundance)

A

( a1 × n1)/100 + (a2 × n2)/100

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9
Q

relative mass and charge of electron

A

1/1837 -> relative mass
-1 -> relative charge

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10
Q

relative mass and charge of neutron

A

0 -> relative charge
1 -> relative mass

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11
Q

relative mass and charge of proton

A

1 -> relative mass
+1 -> charge

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12
Q

how many electrons on inner, 2nd and 3rd shell?

A

1 -> 2 electrons
2 and 3 -> 8 electrons

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13
Q

mass number (what)

A

nucleus - protons + neutrons

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14
Q

atomic number (what)

A

protons and electrons

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15
Q

democritus discovery:

A

atomos (greek indivisible) smallest thing everything is made up from

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16
Q

jd (who) discovery

A

John Dalton
atoms = tiny, invisible, solid balls
compounds = different types
elements = same type

17
Q

who and how discovered electrons and how did they thing they were arranged ?

A

JJ Thompson, cathode Ray, plum pudding model

18
Q

how and who disproved the plum pudding model?

A

Ernest Rutherford, gold foil experiment using alpha rays, the nucleus is positive

19
Q

who discovered neutrons and their charge?

A

James Cadwick

20
Q

how many electron in neutral atom?

A

same as protons

21
Q

define isotope

A

type of aton with unstable number of neutrons, varient of element

22
Q

why do atoms contain an equal number of protons and electrons, and what are they called if they don’t
?

A

So atoms have a neutral charge (balance out), if they are not neutral they are called ions

23
Q

how is the periodic table arranged?

A

Arrangement of the elements in order of atomic number

24
Q

define group and give examples

A

The columns of the periodic table are called groups. Members of the same group in the table have the same number of electrons in the outermost shells of their atoms : alkali metals, alkali earth metals, halogens, noble gases

25
Q

define period

A

a row of chemical elements. All elements in a row have the same number of electron shells. Each next element in a period has one more proton and is less metallic than its predecessor