Quant Statistical Concepts And Marker Returns Flashcards
Absolute Dispersion
The amount of variability present without comparison to any reference point or benchmark
Absolute Frequency
The number of observations in a given interval (for grouped data)
Arithmetic Mean
The sum of the observations divided by the number of observations
Coefficient of variation
(CV) the ratio of a set of observations standard deviation to the observations mean value
Cost Averaging
The periodic investment of a fixed amount of money
Cross sectional data
Observations over individual units at a point in time as opposed to time series data.
Cumulative Relative frequency
For data grouped into intervals, the fraction of total observations that are less than the value of the upper limit of a stated interval
Descriptive Statistics
The study of how data can be summarized effectively
Dispersion
The variability around the central tendency
Excess kurtosis
Degree of kurtosis (fatness of trails) in excess of the kurtosis of the normal distribution.
Expected value
The probability-weighted average of the possible outcomes of the possible outcomes of a random variable
Fractile
A value at or below which a stated fraction of the data lies
Frequency distribution
A tabular display of data summarized into a relatively small number of intervals
Frequency polygon
A graph of a frequency distribution obtained by drawing straight lines joining successive points representing the class frequencies
Geometric Mean
A measure of central tendency computed by taking the nth root of the of n non-negative values
Harmonic Mean
A type of weighted mean computer by averaging the reciprocals of the observations, then taking the reciprocal average
Histogram
A bar chart of data that have been grouped into a frequency distribution
Interquartile range
The difference between the third and first quartiles of a data set
Interval
With reference to grouped data, a set of values within which an observation falls
Interval Scale
A measurement scale that not only ranks data but also gives assurance that the differences between scale values are equal
Kurtosis
The statistical measure that indicates the combined weight of the of a distribution relative to the rest of the distribution
Leptokurtic
Describes a distribution that has fatter tails than a normal distribution
Linear Interpolation
The estimation of an unknown value on the basis of two known values that bracket it
Mean absolute deviation
With reference to sample, the mean of the absolute values of the deviations from the sample mean
Measure of central tendency
A quantitative measure that specifies where data are centered
Measurement Scales
A scheme of measuring differences. The four type of measurement scales are nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio
Measures of location
A quantitative measure that describes the location of distribution of data; includes not only measures of central tendency but also other measure such as percentiles
Median
The value of the middle item of a set of items that has been sorted into ascending or descending order; The 50th percentile
Mesokurtic
Describes a distribution with kurtosis identical to that of the normal distribution
Modal Interval
With reference to grouped data, the most frequently occurring interval
Mode
The most frequently occurring value in a set of observations
Nominal Scale
A measurement scale that categorized data but does not rank them
Ordinal Scale
A measurement scale that sorts data into categories that are ordered (ranked) with respect to some characteristic
Parameter
A descriptive measure computed from or used to describe a population of data, conventionally represented by Greek letters
Percentiles
Quantities that divide a distribution into 100 equal parts
Platykurtic
Describes a distribution that has relatively less weight in the tails than a normal distribution
Population
All members of a specified group
Population mean
The arithmetic mean value of a population; the arithmetic mean of all observations or values in the population
Population Standard Deviation
A measure of dispersion relating to a population in the same unit of measurement as the observations, calculated as the positive square root of the population variance analysis
Population variance
A measure of dispersion relating to a population, calculated as the mean of squared deviations around the population mean
Quintile
A value at or below which a stated fraction of the data lies
Quartiles
Quartiles that divide a distribution into for equal parts
Quintiles
Quartiles that divide a distribution into 5 equal parts
Range
The difference between the maximum and minimum values in a data set
Ratio Scales
A measurement scale that has all the characteristics of interval measurement scales as well as a true zero point as the origin
Relative dispersion
The amount off dispersion relative to a reference value or benchmark
Relative frequency
With reference to an interval of grouped data, the number of observations in the interval divided by the total number of observations in the sample
Sample
A subset of a population
Sample excess kurtosis
A sample measure of the degree of a distributions kurtosis in excess of the normal distributions kurtosis.
Sample Kurtosis
A sample measure of the degree of a distributions peakedeness
Sample Mean
The sum of the sample observations divided by the sample size
Sample Skewness
A sample measure of degree of asymmetry of a distribution
Sample standard deviation
The positive square root of the sample variance
Sample Statistic
A quantity computed from or used to describe a sample
Sample Variance
A sample measure of the degree of dispersion of a distribution, calculated by dividing the sum of the square deviations from the sample mean by the sample size minus 1
Semi deviation
The positive square root of the semi variance
Semilogarithmic
Describes a scale constructed so that equal intervals on the vertical scale represent equal rates of change, and equal intervals on the horizontal scale represent equal amounts of change.
Semi variance
The average squared deviation below the mean
Skewed
Not symmetrical.
Skewness
A quantitative measure of skew(lack of symmetry); a synonym of skew
Standard deviation
The positive square root of the variance; a measure of dispersion in the same units as the original data
Statistic
A quantity computed from or used to describe a sample of data
Statistical Inference
Making forecasts, estimates, or judgements about a larger from a smaller group actually observed; using a sample statistic into infer the value of an unknown population parameter
Target Semideviation
The positive square root of target semi variance
Target semivariance
The average squared deviation below a target value
Time-series data
Observations of a variable over time
Trimmed mean
A mean computed after excluding a stated small percentage of the lowest and highest observations
Variance
The expected value (probability-weighed average) of squared deviations from a random variables expected value
Weighted mean
An average in which each observation is weighted by an index of its relative importance
Winsorized mean
A mean computed after assigning a stated percent of the lowest values equal to one specified low value, and a stated percent of the highest values equal to one specified high value