Quality Management & Instrumentation

Question 1

It is the most widely used approach to quality improvement in the healthcare:

a) TQM
b) DMAIC
c) PDCA cycle
d) Lean-Six Sigma

Answer 1

c) PDCA cycle

Question 2

DMAIC:

a) Demonstrate, Maintain, Analyze, Improve, Control
b) Define, Maintain, Analyze, Improvise, Control
c) Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
d) Define, Measure, Analyze, Improbe, Control

Answer 2

c) Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control

Question 3

Individuals who dedicate as much as 100% of their time to QI projects:

a) Black belt
b) Green belt
c) Blue belt
d) Master

Answer 3

a) Black belt

Question 4

Individuals who dedicate as much as 20% of their time to QI projects:

a) Black belt
b) Green belt
c) Blue belt
d) Master

Answer 4

b) Green belt

Question 5

Which type of quality control monitors the reliability of the clinical laboratory results on a daily basis?

a) External QC
b) Internal QC
c) Interlab QC
d) Proficiency Test

Answer 5

b) Internal QC

Question 6

What kind of quality control is important in maintaining long term accuracy of analytical methods?

a) Intralab QC
b) Interlab QC
c) Sensitivity
d) Specificity

Answer 6

b) Interlab QC

a.k.a External QC, Proficiency Testing, NEQAS

Question 7

It is also known as the twin plot with control values distributed in the x and y axes:

a) Levey-Jennings
b) CUSUM
c) Youden
d) Westgard

Answer 7

c) Youden

Question 8

What is the most common cause of trend?

a) Improper calibration of the instrument
b) Pipetting error
c) Improper mixing of sample and reagents
d) deterioration of reagents

Answer 8

d) deterioration of reagents

Question 9

This is an error that varies from one measurement to the next, occurs by chance and no means of predicting it:

a) Systematic error
b) Clerical error
c) Negative error
d) Random error

Answer 9

d) Random error

Question 10

A Westgard rule wherein a range between two levels of control within a run exceeds 4SDs:

a) 4:1s
b) 4:2s
c) R:4s
d) 4:x

Answer 10

c) R:4s

Question 11

X-axis:

a) Horizontal, Abscissca, and Dependent
b) Horizontal, Abscissca, and Independent
c) Vertical, Ordinate, and Dependent
d) Vertical, Ordinate, and Independent

Answer 11

b) Horizontal, Abscissca, and Independent

Question 12

It is commonly expressed in terms of coefficient of variation:

a) Accuracy
b) Precision
c) Repeatability
d) B and C

Answer 12

d) B and C

Precision a.k.a. Repeatability/Reproducibility

Question 13

A pair of medical decision points that span the limits of results expected for a defined healthy individuals:

a) Standard values
b) Reference interval
c) Pathological values
d) Borderline values

Answer 13

b) Reference interval

Question 14

Which quality assurance is used to compare the current laboratory result with results obtained on a previous specimen from the same patient?

a) Levey-Jennings chart
b) CUSUM chart
c) Delta check
d) Trend

Answer 14

c) Delta check

Question 15

It is reported that the greatest percentage of laboratory errors occur during the ______ phase

a) Preanalytical
b) Analytical
c) Post-analytical
d) All of the above

Answer 15

a) Preanalytical