Quality Management Flashcards

Question

Run Charts

Answer 1

in addition to flowcharts, run charts are also used for stratification, a technique that shows data from a variety of sources to see if a pattern emerges. A run chart displays the history and pattern of variation of a process over time. You can use run charts to perform trend analysis and forecast future outcomes based on historical results see image

Answer 2

Flowcharts are graphic displays of the logic and flow of processes that help you analyze how problems occur and how processes can be improved They show activities, decision points, and the order of how information is processed see images

Answer 3

A Pareto chart is a histogram that can help you identify and prioritize problem areas Pareto analysis is also called the 80-20 rule, meaning that 80 percent of problems are often due to 20 percent of the causes see images

Answer 4

Each bar represents an attribute or characteristic of a problem or situation, and the height of the bar represents its frequency see images

Answer 5

A checksheet is used to collect and analyze data It is sometimes called a tally sheet or checklist, depending on its format In the example in Figure, most complaints arrive via text message, and there are more complaints on Monday and Tuesday than on other days of the week This information might be useful in improving the process for handling complaints Yeah just see the image

Answer 6

You can use quality control charts and the seven run rule to look for patterns in data The seven run rule states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above the mean, or are allincreasing or decreasing, then the process need s to be examined for non-random problems see images

Answer 7

A control chart is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time The main use of control charts is to prevent defects, rather than to detect or reject them Quality control charts allow you to determine whether a process is in control or out of control * When a process is in control, any variations in the results of the process are created by random events; processes that are in control do not need to be adjusted * When a process is out of control, variations in the results of the process are caused by non-random events; you need to identify the causes of those non-random events and adjust the process to correct or eliminate them

Answer 8

Cause-and-effect diagrams trace complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations They help you find the root cause of a problem Also known as fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams See images

Answer 9

The cost of quality is the cost of conformance plus the cost of nonconformance Conformance means delivering products that meet requirements and fitness for use Cost of nonconformance means taking responsibility for failures or not meeting quality expectations A study reported that software bugs cost the U.S. economy $59.6 billion each year and that one third of the bugs could be eliminated by an improved testing infrastructure

Answer 10

Prevention cost: Cost of planning and executing a project so it is error-free or within an acceptable error range Appraisal cost: Cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure quality Internal failure cost: Cost incurred to correct an identified defect before the customer receives the product External failure cost: Cost that relates to all errors not detected and corrected before delivery to the customer Measurement and test equipment costs: Capital cost of equipment used to perform prevention and appraisal activities