Quality Management

Question 1

What does quality mean

Answer 1

meet specs & cust needs

Question 2

What does quality assurance mean

Answer 2

Quality assurance means the mech and metrics used to ensure that standards are schmurda-ed (maintained)

Question 3

what is project quality

Answer 3

is the vibe hit

Question 4

mccalls quality model 1977

Answer 4

1. product revision
   maintainability, flexibility, testability
2. product transition
   portability, reusability, interoperability
3. ops
   correctness reliability, efficiency integrity, usability

Question 5

What is one overview of software quality management

Answer 5

1. quality culture, everyone cares
2. s&p
3. reach qualityin prod

Question 6

What are 3 importances of standards

Answer 6

learn from past
framework
continuity

Question 7

What is the great, the only, the ISO 9000

Answer 7

int. s&p for quality

Question 8

What is the process based quality assurances

Answer 8

define process
LOOP
dev product
assess quality
if good then standardise
else continue

Question 9

What is the model of the process based Quality Management System

Answer 9

keep improving quality, keep getting feedback from customers

Question 10

What is quality control

Answer 10

check dev process for quality s&p. done by devs

Question 11

What are the two approaches to quality control

Answer 11

reviews
automated stuff

Question 12

Describe quality assurance

Answer 12

checks to make sure that quality control is done (like a manager double checking the devs)
also -> continuous quality improvement

Question 13

Describe benchmarking

Answer 13

benchmark quality by comparing to other products/projects/ext.orgs

Question 14

What are Software Metrics

Answer 14

LOC, fog index

Question 15

What are Metrics Assumptions

Answer 15

► A software property can be measured.
► The relationship exists between what we can measure and what we want to
know.
We can only measure internal attributes but are often more interested in
external software attributes.
► A quality metric should be a predictor of product quality.

Question 16

Quality assessment includes:

Answer 16

► Product assessment – output of processes
► Process assessment – tasks, activities and procedures that produce products
it’s a double check, I think

Question 17

Quality assessment process:

Answer 17

► Define mechanism (e.g. review every month)
► Define metrics (measurement)
► Collect data
► Analyze data
► Measure time, cost, quality, output

Question 18

Quality Planning

Answer 18

A quality plan defines:
desired prod quality
how these are assessed
significant quality attrs
defines quality assessement (so its grandaddy)
► Product assessment
► Process assessment
► What org standards

Question 19

Defining the quality of a product includes:

Answer 19

► Define quality criteria
► Define quality assessment process
► Review the quality of the product
► Improve product and processess

Question 20

The main outputs of quality control are:

Answer 20

Accepted decisions
Rework
Process adjustments

Question 21

What are the basic tools of quality that help in performing quality control

Answer 21

Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
Quality Control Charts
The Seven Run Rule
Checksheet
Scatter Diagram
Histograms
Pareto Charts
Flowcharts
Run Charts
Statistical Sampling
Six Sigma
DMAIC

just say like 3 of these bruh

Note that the rest of them, just skim through

Question 22

DMAIC

Answer 22

DMAIC is a systematic, closed-loop process for continued
improvement that is scientific and fact based

DMAIC stands for:

Define: Define the problem/opportunity, process, and customer requirements

Measure: Define measures, then collect, compile, and display data

Analyze: Scrutinize process details to find improvement opportunities

Improve: Generate solutions and ideas for improving the problem

Control: Track and verify the stability of the improvements and the predictability of the solution

Question 23

Six Sigma

Answer 23

Six Sigma is “a comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining, and maximizing business success. Six Sigma is uniquely
driven by close understanding of customer needs, disciplined use of facts, data, and statistical analysis, and diligent attention to
managing, improving, and reinventing business processes”*

The target for perfection is the achievement of no more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities
The principles can apply to a wide variety of processes
Six Sigma projects normally follow a five-phase
improvement process called DMAIC

Question 24

Statistical Sampling

Answer 24

Statistical sampling involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection
The size of a sample depends on how representative you want the sample to be

Question 25

Run Charts

Answer 25

in addition to flowcharts, run charts are also used for stratification, a technique that shows data from a variety of sources to see if a pattern
emerges.
A run chart displays the history and pattern of variation of a process over time.
You can use run charts to perform trend analysis and forecast future outcomes based on historical results
see image

Question 26

Flowcharts

Answer 26

Flowcharts are graphic displays of the logic and flow of processes
that help you analyze how problems occur and how processes can be improved
They show activities, decision points, and the order of how information is processed

see images

Question 27

Pareto Charts

Answer 27

A Pareto chart is a histogram that can help you identify and
prioritize problem areas
Pareto analysis is also called the 80-20 rule, meaning that 80
percent of problems are often due to 20 percent of the causes

see images

Question 28

Histograms

Answer 28

Each bar represents an attribute or characteristic of a
problem or situation, and the height of the bar represents
its frequency
see images

Question 29

Checksheet

Answer 29

A checksheet is used to collect and analyze data
It is sometimes called a tally sheet or checklist, depending on its format
In the example in Figure, most complaints arrive via text message, and there are more complaints on Monday and Tuesday than on other days of the week
This information might be useful in improving the process for handling complaints

Yeah just see the image

Question 30

The Seven Run Rule

Answer 30

You can use quality control charts and the seven run rule to look for patterns in data
The seven run rule states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above the mean, or are allincreasing or decreasing, then the process need s to be examined for non-random problems
see images

Question 31

quality Control Charts

Answer 31

A control chart is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time
The main use of control charts is to prevent defects, rather than to detect or reject them
Quality control charts allow you to determine whether a process is in control or out of control

• When a process is in control, any variations in the results of the process are created by random events; processes that are in control do not need to be adjusted
• When a process is out of control, variations in the results of the process are caused by non-random events; you need to identify
  the causes of those non-random events and adjust the process to correct or eliminate them

Question 32

Cause-and-Effect Diagrams

Answer 32

Cause-and-effect diagrams trace complaints about quality problems back to the responsible production operations
They help you find the root cause of a problem
Also known as fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams

See images

Question 33

The Cost of Quality

Answer 33

The cost of quality is the cost of conformance plus the cost of nonconformance
Conformance means delivering products that meet requirements and fitness for use
Cost of nonconformance means taking responsibility for failures or not meeting quality expectations

A study reported that software bugs cost the U.S. economy $59.6 billion each year and that one third of the bugs could be eliminated by an
improved testing infrastructure

Question 34

Five Cost Categories Related to Quality

Answer 34

Prevention cost: Cost of planning and executing a project so it is error-free or within an acceptable error range

Appraisal cost: Cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure quality

Internal failure cost: Cost incurred to correct an identified defect before the customer receives the product

External failure cost: Cost that relates to all errors not detected and corrected before delivery to the customer

Measurement and test equipment costs: Capital cost of equipment used to
perform prevention and appraisal activities