Quality Control

Question 1

Quality Assurance (QA) & Quality Control (QC) are the two areas of activity designed to

Answer 1

ensure the best possible diagnosis at an acceptable radiation dose and with minimum cost.

Question 2

Quality assurance deals with

Answer 2

people

Question 3

Quality control deals with

Answer 3

instrumentation and equipment

Question 4

_______ ) promotes the “Ten-Step Monitoring and Evaluation Process.”

Answer 4

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

Question 5

What is SMDA?

Answer 5

Safe Medical Devices Act. Mandates that any serious injury or death due to medical device be reported.

Question 6

What is MQSA?

Answer 6

Mammography Quality Standards Act. Requires mammography facilities to be approved by the FDA

Question 7

SMDA & MQSA both:

Answer 7

have the greatest impact on the practice of radiologic and imaging sciences.

Question 8

The Hospital Corporation of America’s FOCUS-PDCA is:

Answer 8

The premier quality measurement consulting book

Question 9

PDCA is an acronym for

Answer 9

Plan, Do, Check and Act. The PDCA cycle is a way of continuously checking progress in each step of the FOCUS process.

Question 10

A typical QA program monitors

Answer 10

proper patient scheduling, reception and preparation. For example,
Appropriate exam for pt
Pt properly instructed

Question 11

QA monitors

Answer 11

image interpretation. for example,

Pt’s disease agree with radiologist’s diagnosis

Question 12

A typical QA program monitors

Answer 12

Appropriate exam for pt
Pt properly instructed
image interpretation
Outcome analysis

Question 13

Outcome Analysis

Answer 13

Pt’s disease agree with radiologist’s diagnosis

Question 14

Outcome Analysis

Answer 14

Pt’s disease agree with radiologist’s diagnosis

Question 15

QC makes sure that

Answer 15

the equipment is in proper condition to make sure that the radiologist is provided with the best image possible

Question 16

Other reasons for doing QC besides pt care:

Answer 16

Our litigious society demands QC records
Some insurance companies will only reimburse if there is a QC program
JCAHO will not approve of facility that does not have a QC program
Most states require a QC program

Question 17

These QA activities should all be monitored by the imaging team, however:

Answer 17

They are principally the responsibility of the radiologist

Question 18

An acceptable QC program has three steps:

Answer 18

Acceptance testing, routine performance monitoring, error maintenance.

Question 19

When is acceptance testing performed?

Answer 19

before newly installed or majorly repaired equipment can be accepted by dept.

Question 20

When is acceptance testing performed?

Answer 20

before newly installed or majorly repaired equipment can be accepted by dept.

Question 21

Acceptance Testing is to be done by:

Answer 21

someone other than the manufacturer’s rep, such as:
Radiation physicist
Service personnel employed by hospital

Question 22

Routine maintenance is performed to ensure that

Answer 22

the equipment is performing as expected

Question 23

Routine maintenance testing helps to:

Answer 23

catch problems before they become radiographically apparent

Question 24

Routine maintenance May be performed by:

Answer 24

designated tech, radiation physicist or service personnel employed by vendor

Question 25

Preventive maintenance (PM) usually alleviates

Answer 25

unnecessary repair

Question 26

QC is principally the responsibility of

Answer 26

the medical physicist

Question 27

Error maintenance:

Answer 27

when errors occur in equipment performance, corrective action must occur.

Question 28

Error maintenance corrections will generally be done by:

Answer 28

service personnel employed by the vendor

Question 29

___________ and _________ have developed guidelines for QC programs in radiography as well as other imaging modalities

Answer 29

American College of Medical Physics and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine

Question 30

Most important patient protection device of radiographic unit is

Answer 30

filtration of the X-ray beam.

Question 31

State requires radiographic units have minimum total filtration of

Answer 31

2.5 mm Al

Question 32

State requires radiographic units have minimum total filtration of

Answer 32

2.5 mm Al

Question 33

Filtration Measurement is done through

Answer 33

the half-value layer (HVL)

Question 34

Filtration is tested how often?

Answer 34

Annually, or any time following change in x-ray tube or tube housing

Question 35

X-ray field must coincide with

Answer 35

light field of variable aperture light localizing collimator

Question 36

Collimation Misalignment must not exceed

Answer 36

± 2% of the source-to-image receptor distance (SID)

Question 37

With PBL collimator the x-ray beam must not be larger than

Answer 37

IR except in override mode

Question 38

Distance tested must be within _____ and centering indicators within _____.

Answer 38

2% of SID, 1% of the SID

Question 39

Three tools used to measure focal-spot size:

Answer 39

Pinhole camera Star pattern Slit camera

Question 40

Which tool to measure focal-spot size is most popular?

Answer 40

Slit camera.

Question 41

What tool can be used to measure spatial frequency?

Answer 41

Line-pair test tool

Question 42

How is kVp calibrated?

Answer 42

Most physicists used devices based on filtered ion chambers or filtered photodiodes

Question 43

When is kVp calibrated?

Answer 43

kVp calibration evaluated annually or whenever high voltage generator components are changed

Question 44

How much variation in kVp is needed to affect image optical density & contrast?

Answer 44

4%

Question 45

kVp should be within ___ of desired kVp

Answer 45

+10%

Question 46

How is exposure timer accuracy measured?

Answer 46

Exposure time measured based on irradiation time of ion chamber or photodiode assembly

Question 47

How often should exposure timer accuracy be tested?

Answer 47

Timer should be checked annually or whenever part of high voltage generator or operating console has undergone major repairs

Question 48

Exposure timer accuracy should be within ___ of the indicated time for exposure times greater than 10 ms

Answer 48

+5%

Question 49

Accuracy of ___ is acceptable for exposure times of 10 ms or less

Answer 49

+20%

Question 50

Accuracy of ___ is acceptable for exposure times of 10 ms or less

Answer 50

+20%

Question 51

AEC is evaluated by

Answer 51

exposing IR through various thicknesses or Al or acrylic

Question 52

If the phototimer fails, the backup timer should terminate the exposure at

Answer 52

6s or 600 mAs, whichever occurs first

Question 53

Spinning Top Test may be used to measure

Answer 53

the exposure timer on single phase generators.

Question 54

Motorized synchronous spinning top may be used for

Answer 54

testing the exposure timer on three-phase units.

Question 55

Electronic Timers should be able to go as low as

Answer 55

1 ms

Question 56

The ability of a radiographic unit to produce a constant radiation output for various combinations of mA and exposure time is called

Answer 56

exposure linearity

Question 57

The linearity is determined by a precision

Answer 57

radiation dosimeter

Question 58

Exposure linearity must be within ____ for mA stations

Answer 58

±10%

Question 59

If, when using any combination of kVp, mA and exposure time, the RT decides to change one factor and then return to the previous value of radiation exposure, the previous value should be precisely the same This is known as

Answer 59

exposure reproducibility

Question 60

Two methods used to evaluate exposure reproducibility:

Answer 60

Both utilize a radiation dosimeter. | Mathematical formulas can be used to determine reproducibility in both cases

Question 61

Output radiation intensity should not vary by more than

Answer 61

±5%

Question 62

Intensifying Screens Require periodic attention to minimize appearance of artifacts. How often?

Answer 62

Screens should be cleaned with soft, lint-free cloth and cleaning solution Not less than every other month

Question 63

Aprons, gloves and gonadal shields should be radiographed or fluoroscoped _____ for defects

Answer 63

annually

Question 64

Viewbox illumination should be photometrically analyzed

Answer 64

annually

Question 65

Intensity of Viewbox illumination should be at least

Answer 65

1500 cd/m2 and Should not vary by more than ±10% over surface of illuminator

Question 66

Viewbox intensity Should not vary by more than ____ over surface of illuminator

Answer 66

±10%

Question 67

Fluoroscopy Exposure Rate – federal law and most states require that ESE (entrance skin exposure) shall not exceed

Answer 67

10R/min (100 mGy/min)

Question 68

For interventional procedures fluoro may be equipped with a high level control This allows an ESE up to

Answer 68

20 R/min (200 mGy/min)

Question 69

_______________ are required to determine the adequacy of any automatic brightness stabilization (ABS) system

Answer 69

Lucite, Al, copper and lead filters

Question 70

An ESE of approximately ____ mR may be assumed for a cassette spot film

Answer 70

200

Question 71

An ESE of approximately ___ mR may be assumed for a photofluorospot

Answer 71

100

Question 72

Use of a grid during photofluorospot does what to the ESE?

Answer 72

approximately doubles

Question 73

Use of a grid during photofluorospot does what to the ESE?

Answer 73

approximately doubles

Question 74

All fluoro systems contain either automatic brightness control or automatic exposure control. They function in manner similar to phototimer of radiographic imager. These systems tend to deteriorate or fail with use & therefore:

Answer 74

should be evaluated annually

Question 75

The indicated section that is to be tomogrammed and the measured level should be within

Answer 75

±5mm

Question 76

Increments from one tomo section to the next should be accurate within

Answer 76

±2mm

Question 77

TQM stands for:

Answer 77

Total Quality management

Question 78

CQI stands for:

Answer 78

Continuous Quality Improvement

Question 79

SMPTE stands for:

Answer 79

Society of Motion Pictures & Television Engineers

Question 80

ACR suggests monitor luminescence testing be performed at least monthly by using:

Answer 80

SMPTE test pattern

Question 81

used to evaluate monitor display reflection and assess ambient light conditions

Answer 81

Illuminance Meter

Question 82

Near-Range luminescence meters are used:

Answer 82

in close proximity to monitor

Question 83

Telescopic Luminance Meters: used to test from a distance of 1m

Answer 83

used to test from a distance of 1m

Question 84

DICOMM:

Answer 84

Digital Imaging and Communication. | Standard that enables imaging systems from different manufacturers to communicate

Question 85

DICOMM:

Answer 85

Digital Imaging and Communication. | Standard that enables imaging systems from different manufacturers to communicate

Question 86

GSDF

Answer 86

Gray Scale Display Function. Allows medical images to be transferred according to DICOM standards. Compatible with any DICOM display device. Consistent grayscale appearance.

Question 87

DIN 2001

Answer 87

addressed requirements for digital display systems

Question 88

VESA

Answer 88

Video Electronics Standard Association | Provides set of instructions to help evaluate system performance

Question 89

AAPM TG 18

Answer 89

American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group Report 18. Set of test patterns to ensure acceptable clinical performance