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XR220 Image Production and Evaluation II > Quality Control > Flashcards

Quality Control Flashcards

1
Q

Quality Assurance (QA) & Quality Control (QC) are the two areas of activity designed to

A

ensure the best possible diagnosis at an acceptable radiation dose and with minimum cost.

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2
Q

Quality assurance deals with

A

people

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3
Q

Quality control deals with

A

instrumentation and equipment

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4
Q

_______ ) promotes the “Ten-Step Monitoring and Evaluation Process.”

A

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

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5
Q

What is SMDA?

A

Safe Medical Devices Act. Mandates that any serious injury or death due to medical device be reported.

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6
Q

What is MQSA?

A

Mammography Quality Standards Act. Requires mammography facilities to be approved by the FDA

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7
Q

SMDA & MQSA both:

A

have the greatest impact on the practice of radiologic and imaging sciences.

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8
Q

The Hospital Corporation of America’s FOCUS-PDCA is:

A

The premier quality measurement consulting book

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9
Q

PDCA is an acronym for

A

Plan, Do, Check and Act. The PDCA cycle is a way of continuously checking progress in each step of the FOCUS process.

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10
Q

A typical QA program monitors

A

proper patient scheduling, reception and preparation. For example,
Appropriate exam for pt
Pt properly instructed

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11
Q

QA monitors

A

image interpretation. for example,

Pt’s disease agree with radiologist’s diagnosis

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12
Q

A typical QA program monitors

A

Appropriate exam for pt
Pt properly instructed
image interpretation
Outcome analysis

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13
Q

Outcome Analysis

A

Pt’s disease agree with radiologist’s diagnosis

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14
Q

Outcome Analysis

A

Pt’s disease agree with radiologist’s diagnosis

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15
Q

QC makes sure that

A

the equipment is in proper condition to make sure that the radiologist is provided with the best image possible

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16
Q

Other reasons for doing QC besides pt care:

A

Our litigious society demands QC records
Some insurance companies will only reimburse if there is a QC program
JCAHO will not approve of facility that does not have a QC program
Most states require a QC program

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17
Q

These QA activities should all be monitored by the imaging team, however:

A

They are principally the responsibility of the radiologist

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18
Q

An acceptable QC program has three steps:

A

Acceptance testing, routine performance monitoring, error maintenance.

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19
Q

When is acceptance testing performed?

A

before newly installed or majorly repaired equipment can be accepted by dept.

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20
Q

When is acceptance testing performed?

A

before newly installed or majorly repaired equipment can be accepted by dept.

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21
Q

Acceptance Testing is to be done by:

A

someone other than the manufacturer’s rep, such as:
Radiation physicist
Service personnel employed by hospital

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22
Q

Routine maintenance is performed to ensure that

A

the equipment is performing as expected

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23
Q

Routine maintenance testing helps to:

A

catch problems before they become radiographically apparent

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24
Q

Routine maintenance May be performed by:

A

designated tech, radiation physicist or service personnel employed by vendor

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25
Q

Preventive maintenance (PM) usually alleviates

A

unnecessary repair

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26
Q

QC is principally the responsibility of

A

the medical physicist

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27
Q

Error maintenance:

A

when errors occur in equipment performance, corrective action must occur.

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28
Q

Error maintenance corrections will generally be done by:

A

service personnel employed by the vendor

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29
Q

___________ and _________ have developed guidelines for QC programs in radiography as well as other imaging modalities

A

American College of Medical Physics and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine

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30
Q

Most important patient protection device of radiographic unit is

A

filtration of the X-ray beam.

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31
Q

State requires radiographic units have minimum total filtration of

A

2.5 mm Al

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32
Q

State requires radiographic units have minimum total filtration of

A

2.5 mm Al

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33
Q

Filtration Measurement is done through

A

the half-value layer (HVL)

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34
Q

Filtration is tested how often?

A

Annually, or any time following change in x-ray tube or tube housing

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35
Q

X-ray field must coincide with

A

light field of variable aperture light localizing collimator

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36
Q

Collimation Misalignment must not exceed

A

± 2% of the source-to-image receptor distance (SID)

37
Q

With PBL collimator the x-ray beam must not be larger than

A

IR except in override mode

38
Q

Distance tested must be within _____ and centering indicators within _____.

A

2% of SID, 1% of the SID

39
Q

Three tools used to measure focal-spot size:

A

Pinhole camera
Star pattern
Slit camera

40
Q

Which tool to measure focal-spot size is most popular?

A

Slit camera.

41
Q

What tool can be used to measure spatial frequency?

A

Line-pair test tool

42
Q

How is kVp calibrated?

A

Most physicists used devices based on filtered ion chambers or filtered photodiodes

43
Q

When is kVp calibrated?

A

kVp calibration evaluated annually or whenever high voltage generator components are changed

44
Q

How much variation in kVp is needed to affect image optical density & contrast?

A

4%

45
Q

kVp should be within ___ of desired kVp

A

+10%

46
Q

How is exposure timer accuracy measured?

A

Exposure time measured based on irradiation time of ion chamber or photodiode assembly

47
Q

How often should exposure timer accuracy be tested?

A

Timer should be checked annually or whenever part of high voltage generator or operating console has undergone major repairs

48
Q

Exposure timer accuracy should be within ___ of the indicated time for exposure times greater than 10 ms

A

+5%

49
Q

Accuracy of ___ is acceptable for exposure times of 10 ms or less

A

+20%

50
Q

Accuracy of ___ is acceptable for exposure times of 10 ms or less

A

+20%

51
Q

AEC is evaluated by

A

exposing IR through various thicknesses or Al or acrylic

52
Q

If the phototimer fails, the backup timer should terminate the exposure at

A

6s or 600 mAs, whichever occurs first

53
Q

Spinning Top Test may be used to measure

A

the exposure timer on single phase generators.

54
Q

Motorized synchronous spinning top may be used for

A

testing the exposure timer on three-phase units.

55
Q

Electronic Timers should be able to go as low as

A

1 ms

56
Q

The ability of a radiographic unit to produce a constant radiation output for various combinations of mA and exposure time is called

A

exposure linearity

57
Q

The linearity is determined by a precision

A

radiation dosimeter

58
Q

Exposure linearity must be within ____ for mA stations

A

±10%

59
Q

If, when using any combination of kVp, mA and exposure time, the RT decides to change one factor and then return to the previous value of radiation exposure, the previous value should be precisely the same
This is known as

A

exposure reproducibility

60
Q

Two methods used to evaluate exposure reproducibility:

A

Both utilize a radiation dosimeter.

Mathematical formulas can be used to determine reproducibility in both cases

61
Q

Output radiation intensity should not vary by more than

A

±5%

62
Q

Intensifying Screens Require periodic attention to minimize appearance of artifacts. How often?

A

Screens should be cleaned with soft, lint-free cloth and cleaning solution Not less than every other month

63
Q

Aprons, gloves and gonadal shields should be radiographed or fluoroscoped _____ for defects

A

annually

64
Q

Viewbox illumination should be photometrically analyzed

A

annually

65
Q

Intensity of Viewbox illumination should be at least

A

1500 cd/m2 and Should not vary by more than ±10% over surface of illuminator

66
Q

Viewbox intensity Should not vary by more than ____ over surface of illuminator

A

±10%

67
Q

Fluoroscopy Exposure Rate – federal law and most states require that ESE (entrance skin exposure) shall not exceed

A

10R/min (100 mGy/min)

68
Q

For interventional procedures fluoro may be equipped with a high level control
This allows an ESE up to

A

20 R/min (200 mGy/min)

69
Q

_______________ are required to determine the adequacy of any automatic brightness stabilization (ABS) system

A

Lucite, Al, copper and lead filters

70
Q

An ESE of approximately ____ mR may be assumed for a cassette spot film

A

200

71
Q

An ESE of approximately ___ mR may be assumed for a photofluorospot

A

100

72
Q

Use of a grid during photofluorospot does what to the ESE?

A

approximately doubles

73
Q

Use of a grid during photofluorospot does what to the ESE?

A

approximately doubles

74
Q

All fluoro systems contain either automatic brightness control or automatic exposure control. They function in manner similar to phototimer of radiographic imager.
These systems tend to deteriorate or fail with use & therefore:

A

should be evaluated annually

75
Q

The indicated section that is to be tomogrammed and the measured level should be within

A

±5mm

76
Q

Increments from one tomo section to the next should be accurate within

A

±2mm

77
Q

TQM stands for:

A

Total Quality management

78
Q

CQI stands for:

A

Continuous Quality Improvement

79
Q

SMPTE stands for:

A

Society of Motion Pictures & Television Engineers

80
Q

ACR suggests monitor luminescence testing be performed at least monthly by using:

A

SMPTE test pattern

81
Q

used to evaluate monitor display reflection and assess ambient light conditions

A

Illuminance Meter

82
Q

Near-Range luminescence meters are used:

A

in close proximity to monitor

83
Q

Telescopic Luminance Meters: used to test from a distance of 1m

A

used to test from a distance of 1m

84
Q

DICOMM:

A

Digital Imaging and Communication.

Standard that enables imaging systems from different manufacturers to communicate

85
Q

DICOMM:

A

Digital Imaging and Communication.

Standard that enables imaging systems from different manufacturers to communicate

86
Q

GSDF

A

Gray Scale Display Function.
Allows medical images to be transferred according to DICOM standards. Compatible with any DICOM display device.
Consistent grayscale appearance.

87
Q

DIN 2001

A

addressed requirements for digital display systems

88
Q

VESA

A

Video Electronics Standard Association

Provides set of instructions to help evaluate system performance

89
Q

AAPM TG 18

A

American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group Report 18.
Set of test patterns to ensure acceptable clinical performance

XR220 Image Production and Evaluation II (8 decks)

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