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Radiology > Quality Assurance and Legalisation > Flashcards

Quality Assurance and Legalisation Flashcards

1
Q

What regulations concern equipment and the protection of staff and the general public?

A

IRR17

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2
Q

What regulations are aimed primarily at the protection of patients?

A

IR(ME)R 17

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3
Q

What was the necessary regulations in place before the updated IRR17?

A

IRR99

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4
Q

When would you consult your radiation protection advisor (RPA)?

A

If planning set up of a new surgery, or when radiation is over dose

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5
Q

What does IR(ME)R stand for?

A

Ionising radiation ( medical exposures) regulations

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6
Q

What are the four roles in radiography?

A

Employer
Referree
Practitioner
Operator

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7
Q

Who entitles staff in various roles to undertake roles involved in IR(ME)R?

A

Employers

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8
Q

What is the selection of a radiograph based upon?

A

Patients history and examination

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9
Q

What is choice of radiograph based on?

A

The prevalence of the disease, rate of progression and diagnostic accuracy of imaging technique

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10
Q

What is the purpose of selection criteria?

A

Helps to overcome the wide variation in practice and minimise or prevent any inappropriate radiographic examinations

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11
Q

Who is ‘the referrer’?

A

A registered dental practitioner who is entitled in accordance with the employers procedures to refer individuals for medical exposure to a practitioner

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12
Q

Which member of the dental team has limited entitlement as an “operator”?

A

Dental nurse

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13
Q

Who can take radiographs in general dental practice?

A

a dentist
a dental hygienist or therapist
a suitably qualified dental nurse
a clinical dental technician

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14
Q

what does the “operator” do?

A

Takes radiographs

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15
Q

Clinical evaluation of each exposure must take place. What is clinical evaluation?

A

Interpretation of the outcome and implications of, and the information resulting from, a medical exposure

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16
Q

What is the relationship between the practitioner and the operator?

A

Shall co-operate, regarding practical aspects, with other specialists and staff involved in a medical exposure, as appropriate

17
Q

How often should x-ray units be tested?

A

Preferably annually but minimum of every 3 yrs

18
Q

What is quality assurance?

A

An organised effort by staff to ensure that the diagnostic images produced are of sufficiently high quality to consistently provide adequate diagnostic information at the lowest possible cost and the least possible exposure to the patient

19
Q

What does SOP stand for?

A

Standard operating procedures

20
Q

What are the 6 components of a quality assurance programme?

A

image quality
x-ray equipment
processing
working procedures
training
audit

21
Q

What two ways can an image be audited to ensure high quality?

A

Image quality rating system
Film reject analysis

22
Q

How could image quality rating systems grade images?

A

rating diagnostically acceptable (A) or diagnostically not acceptable (N)
OR
rated either 1,2 or 3

23
Q

What image would be given an image quality rating of 1:

excellent
diagnostically acceptable
diagnostically unacceptable

A

Excellent

24
Q

What image would be given an image quality rating of 3:

excellent
diagnostically unacceptable
diagnostically acceptable

A

Diagnostically unacceptable

25
Q

What image would be given an image quality rating of 2:

diagnostically acceptable
excellent
diagnostically unacceptable

A

Diagnostically acceptable

26
Q

what method in radiology can be used to measure exhaustion of the developer?

A

Sensitometry

27
Q

What type of image would signify an exhausted developer?

A

A pale image

28
Q

What is a step-wedge?

A

A radiographic phantom made from differing thicknesses of metal

29
Q

What are the three most common problems faced during film processing?

A

poor handling
insufficient training
light exposure

30
Q

If a film is exposed to too much light during processing what will be the consequence?

A

Fogging of the film

31
Q

What test can be used to monitor darkroom safelight conditions?

A

The coin test

32
Q

What is a safelight?

A

A light with a coloured filter that can be used in a darkroom without affecting photosensitive film or paper

33
Q

What are the four reasons why a radiographic image may appear very pale?

A

wrong exposure selection ( underexposed image)
not enough time in the developer
developer temperature too low
incorrect dilution of developer

34
Q

Why might part of a film appear fogged?

A

light leakage in darkroom
incorrect handling of film
patient movement

35
Q

What would cause a film to turn green/yellow?

A

Insufficient fixing during processing, involving time, temperature and dilution.

36
Q

What would be the cause of a film presenting with marks that resemble a lightening strike or a tree?

A

Caused by static electricity discharge, it is the result of pulling film too quickly out of packet in a dry atmosphere

Radiology (12 decks)

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