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Radiology > Intro to Radiology > Flashcards

Intro to Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What important legislation is in place regarding Ionising radiation?

A

ionising radiation regulations 2017

ionising radiation (medical exposure) regulations 2017

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2
Q

What is a radiograph?

A

An image produced by x-rays passing through an object and interacting with photographic emulsion on a film

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3
Q

What is affected if a digital image is being formed?

A

A sensor or phosphor plate

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4
Q

In dentistry, what tissues are of interest in regards to radiographs?

A

Mineralised and demineralised tissue

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5
Q

What would demineralised tissue on a dental radiograph indicate?

A

Caries and other dentally related disease

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6
Q

Q
What type of radiograph matches the description:

  1. Film/ sensor is placed inside the mouth next to the area of interest
  2. Radiation source is directed at the areas from an external position
A

Intra oral radiograph

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7
Q

What are the three main types of intra-oral radiograph?

A

periapical
bitewing
occlusal

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8
Q

What type of radiograph matches the description:

  1. Nothing placed inside the mouth
  2. Radiation source and image receptor are both extra-orally positioned
A

Dental Panoramic Tomography (DPT)

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9
Q

What can DPT also be referred to as?

A

OPT and OPG

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10
Q

What is contained within the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

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11
Q

Are protons +ve, -ve or no charge?

A

+ve charge

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12
Q

Are neutrons +ve, -ve or no charge?

A

No charge

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13
Q

Are electrons +ve, -ve or no charge?

A

-ve charge

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14
Q

How many electrons are in the K shell (closest to nucleus)?

A

2

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15
Q

How many electrons are in the L shell of an atom?

A

8

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16
Q

What can move from shell to shell but cannot exist between shells?

A

Electrons

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17
Q

Which electrons in an atom will have the greatest binding energy?

A

Outer electrons

18
Q

What is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons referred to as?

A

An isotope

19
Q

What is a radio-isotope?

A

An isotope with unstable nuclei which undergoes radioactive disintegration

20
Q

What is a negatively charged ion called?

A

An anion

21
Q

What is a positively charged ion called?

A

A cation

22
Q

What type of particles have these features?:

Made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons
- large size
- +ve charge
- slow speed
- penetrate only 1-2mm in tissue
- 4-8 MeV energy
- extensive ionisation

A

Alpha particles

23
Q

What type of particles have these features?:

  • Electrons
  • small size
  • -ve charge
  • fast speed
  • penetrate 1-2cm in tissue
  • 100keV-6MeV energy
  • ionisation
A

Beta particles

24
Q

What type of rays is part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, has no size or charge and has very fast speed , passing through tissues?

A

Gamma rays

25
Q

What type of rays are x-rays in dentistry almost identical to? And what is the slight difference?

A

Gamma rays, except x-rays have lower energy values

26
Q

When is ionisation a problem?

A

When it occurs in living cells, can cause damage to DNA leading to tumours and cancer

27
Q

What size of wavelength do gamma rays have?

A

Small wavelength

28
Q

Define the electromagnetic spectrum

A

A stream of photons that have no mass

29
Q

What is measured in electron volts (eV)?

A

Energy

30
Q

What is measured in cycles per second or hertz?

A

Frequency

31
Q

What is measured in metres or nanometres?

A

Wavelength

32
Q

One cycle of a wave length is what shape?

A

S-shaped

33
Q

What is the number of wavelengths that travel every second the same as?

A

Frequency

34
Q

What is the wavelength spectrum for visible light?

A

400-700nm

35
Q

What is the domestic electricity supply?

A

220/240 volts
50 hertz

36
Q

What is the SI unit of potential difference? And what does it measure?

A

Volt
It measures potential difference or electromotive force

37
Q

Describe how a circuit of electricity occurs

A

Current passed along wire by vibration if electrons

Passes from -ve to +ve

Battery has a direct current

Electricity supply is alternating

38
Q

In the example of an old-fashioned electric fire, how is heat given off?

A

By means of convection and radiation

39
Q

What electrons produce heat?

A

Vibrating electrons

40
Q

what is heat produced proportional to?

A

Current and voltage

Radiology (12 decks)

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