Quality Assurance and Fault Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What does quality assurance program cover

A
procedures
staff training
x ray equipment
patient dose
image processing
display equipment 
image quality
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2
Q

When should digital image receptors be checked

A

they are reusable and therefore susceptible to wear tear and mishandling

check regularly - every 3 months

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3
Q

What are things to check on the digital image receptor

A

receptor itself
imager uniformity
image quality

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4
Q

What do we look or on the receptor

A

check for visible damage to casing/wiring

check if clean (no congealed disinfectant or saliva)

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5
Q

How do we check image uniformity of digital receptor

A

expose receptor to an unattenuated x ray beam and check if resulting image is uniform
should be consistent shade of grey

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6
Q

How do we check image quality of digital receptor

A

take a radiograph of a test object and assess the resulting image against a baseline

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7
Q

What does scratches on phosphor plate appear as

A

white lines

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8
Q

What does cracking from flexing the phosphor plate result in

A

network of white lines

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9
Q

What does delamination of phosphor plates result in

A

white areas around the edge

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10
Q

What is delimitation

A

separation of phosphor layer from base plate

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11
Q

If there is sensor damage to the solid state sensor what can this result in

A

square/straight lines

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12
Q

If there is damage to sensor’s blasting casing what can happen

A

can get damage to more delicate components and may get dead pixels

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13
Q

How does damage to film often present as

A

black marks due to sensitization of radiographic emulsion

however may appear white if emulsion is scraped off

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14
Q

What may marks on film represent

A

nail marks
bite marks
finger prints

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15
Q

What is a step wedge

A

one type of test object used to check image quality and contrast
self made or provided by manufacture

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16
Q

What is a step wedge made of

A

overlapping layers of lead

17
Q

How do you use a step wedge

A

expose to a normal clinical exposure
compare image ot baseline
carry out regularly

18
Q

What is the aim of QA of clinical image quality

A

ensure radiographs are consistently adequate for diagnosis

19
Q

What are the 3 parts of QA of clinical image quality

A

image quality rating
image quality analysis
reject analysis

20
Q

What is image quality rating

A

grading each image

21
Q

What is image quality analysis

A

reviewing images to calculate success rate and identify any trends for suboptimal images

carried out periodically (every 4 months you review the last 150)

22
Q

What is reject analysis

A

recording and analysing each unacceptable image

23
Q

What is the quality ratings

A

diagnostically acceptable

diagnostically unacceptable

24
Q

What is diagnostically acceptable

A

no errors or minimal either in either px prep, exposure, positioning, image processing, image reconstruction and sufficient image quality to answer clinical q

25
Q

What is diagnostically unacceptable

A

errors in the list from before meaning image can’t be used for diagnosis

shouldn’t be greater than 5% in digital and 10% in film

26
Q

What do we look at to know if image answers our Qs

A

which tooth/teeth
which parts of tooth/teeth
what other structures
what extent of pathology

27
Q

What do the question answers depend on

A

type of radiograph taken

clinical justification for it

28
Q

What are diagnostically acceptable poisoning factors for bitewings

A

show entire crowns of upper and lower teeth
include distal aspect of fore standing standing posterior teeth and mesial aspect of last standing tooth
may require more than 1

every approximal surface shown at least once without overlap where possible

29
Q

What are diagnostically acceptable poisoning factors for PA

A

shows entire root
shows PA bone
shows crown

30
Q

What must radiograph have in addition to correct positioning factors

A

adequate contrast
sharpness
resolution
as well as minimal distortion

31
Q

What is fault analysis

A

identifying and explaining fails so can be remedied

32
Q

What are potential faults visible on image

A
too dark or pale
inadequate contrast
unsharp
distorted
over collimated
receptor marks or damage
33
Q

What are potential faults in collimation error

A

incorrect assembly or receptor holder

incorrect alignment between x ray tube and receptor holder

incorrect orientation of rectangular collimator (attached to x ray unit)

34
Q

What are potential faults in incorrect image radio density

A

image too dark or light

35
Q

What are potential causes of incorrect radio density

A

exposure factors
developing factors (FILM)
viewing factors

36
Q

What are the exposure factors

A

incorrect exposure settings, patients tissues too thick, faulty timer on x-ray unit

37
Q

What are developing factors (film)

A

incorrect duration, incorrect temp, incorrect conc

38
Q

What are viewing factors

A

inappropriate light source (film), inappropriate display screen (digital)
excessive environmental light