Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS3 CLINICAL Radiology > Introduction to Radiology > Flashcards

Introduction to Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the significance of Von Kolliker’s Hand

A

It developed cancerous lesions

Discovery of harm from X-rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the considerations for X rays in the “Dose vs Diagnostic Benefit’

A

There must be a NEED FOR INFORMATION (cannot be gained any other way)

Consideration of the RISK OF RADIATION DOSE

Must ensure that DIAGNOSTIC YIELD/BENEFIT is as high as possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is the diagnostic yield/benefit dependent on

A

High quality imaging

Our ability to interpret looking at the images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the principles for radiation protection

A

Justification
Optimisation
Dose limitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is meant by justification

A

For every time we want to radiograph that it is justified, this is of benefit to the patient and deciding what is the right examination to do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does optimization consist of

A

ALARA

ALARP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is ALARA

A

As low as reasonably achievable
The principle means that even if it is a small dose, if receiving that dose has no direct benefit you should try to avoid it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is ALARP

A

As low as reasonably practicable

The ALARP principle is that the residual risk shall be reduced as far as reasonable practicable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is dose limitation

A

For radiation workers and members of the public, NOT patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why dose dose limitation not apply to patients

A

There is no dose limit for patients, the amount of radiographs taken is dependent on the need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are X-rays produced

A

Source of X-rays is the X-ray machine, it produces the X rays
The X-rays are directed at an object (teeth and jaws) and there is an interaction of X-rays with matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are image receptors

A

Image receptors are used to capture the interaction and create an image, there are different types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the different types of image receptors

A

Digital
X-ray film packets (intra-oral)
Screen film combinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are different types digital receptors

A

direct and indirect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are direct digital receptors

A

react directly with x ray photons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are indirect digital receptors

A

interaction with x-ray photons is still there but there has to be another step after that to see the outcome of that
intra-oral in radiology in level 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are X-ray film packets used for

A

intra oral
They have a piece of x-ray film which directly reacted with the x-rays
Used on level 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is screen-film combinations used for

A

extraction oral

little used now

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is processing

A

when there is conversion of latent image to permanent visible image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How can images be processed

A

digitally

chemically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do X-rays machines get their electrical supply

A

domestic electric supply but require convertor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the range of kV for a dental machine

A

60-70

may be higher for some machines including panaromics

23
Q

Can we sense X-rays?

A

No

Machine will make a sound on production because it is required to

24
Q

What is the direction of travel of X-rays

A

From the point of origin they travel in a straight line but it is diverging so as it moves away from the point it diverges

25
Q

What are the photographic properties of X-rays

A

This was what was discovered right back in the 19th century which enabled images to be created which could then be kept

26
Q

What are the different interactions with matter

A

no effect
complete absorption
absorption and scatter

27
Q

What are the properties of X-rays

A

electromagnetic radiation
straight, diverging beam
photographic
interacts with matter

28
Q

What is meant if an x ray has no effect on the matter it interacts with

A

With some materials such as air then the x-ray may pass through without any interaction at all

29
Q

What is meant if an x-ray is completely absorbed by the matter

A 
Absorption provides an image but it also means that the radiation is transferred to the patient adding to the dose for potential harm 
Appears WHITE (radiopaque)
30
Q

What materials completely absorb x-rays

A

metal fillings

31
Q

What is meant by absorption and scatter

A

Only get partial absorption of energy in X-ray beam but individual component of the beam has its direction changed

32
Q

What is the disadvantage of absorption and scatter

A

Going to add dose to patient but also has potential for exiting patient and if there is someone else there then it can give a dose to them

33
Q

What is a radiographic image

A

A record of the pattern of attenuation of the X ray beam as it passes through the matter

34
Q

What is attenuation

A

a combination of absorption and scatter events

35
Q

What will the image appear as

A

will show different shades of grey and some white may not be seen if there are no metal restorations

36
Q

What are the different dental radiographic views

A

intra-oral, extraoral and conebeam CT

37
Q

What are the intra-oral radiographs

A

bitewings
peri-apicals
occlusal

38
Q

What are the extra-oral radiographs

A

Panaromic (DPT/DPR/OPT)

Cephalometric

39
Q

What does a bitewing show

A

the side teeth

40
Q

What is the criteria for a good bitewing

A

Symmetry of upper and lower teeth
Minimal overlap of adjacent teeth (especially not at the ADJ)
Interdental bone

41
Q

What should a bitewing demonstrate

A

○ Upper and lower crowns of one side
○ Mesial first premolar contact to most distal contact point or surface
○ None, or minimal, overlap of teeth
○ Enamel-dentine junction
○ Coronal pulp morphology
Interdental bone (unless a lot of bone loss)

42
Q

How many bitewings should be taken per px

A
  • Take right and left radiographs

- Take one per side unless all premolars and molars are present then 2 will be required

43
Q

What is the pathology shown on bitewings

A

○ Interproximal caries○ Cervical caries
○ Occlusal, buccal and lingual caries
○ Restorations - ledges and defects
Interdental bone change

44
Q

What does a periapical show

A

full length of at least one tooth

45
Q

What are the surrounding anatomical features seen on a periapical

A

○ Inferior alveolar canal
○ Roots
Surrounding bone

46
Q

What are the pathologies that can be seen on perioapicals

A 
Crown - caries, trauma and other non-carious tooth Surface loss
Changes related to restorations
Pulpal pathology
Root morphology 
Supporting bone
47
Q

How is an occlusal radiograph taken

A

Image receptor (film packet) is put in occlusal plane

48
Q

Why is an occlusal radiograph larger

A

image receptor is larger

49
Q

What is an oblique occlusal radiograph

A

Gives a large ‘periapical style’ radiograph

Can be taken everywhere

50
Q

What is a true (cross sectional) occlusal radiograph

A

○ Gives a cross sectional view of the teeth however nowadays CBCT is used over it
○ Can only be taken for lower

51
Q

What is a panoramic radiograph

A

Full view of dentition

An image of a layer, not full thickness of all structures between X-ray source and image receptor

52
Q

What is a panoramic useful for

A

Very useful as part of orthodontic planning, quite a common view to take for impacted wisdom teeth

Very different from intra-orals

53
Q

What is a cephalometric radiographs

A
  • View of facial bones to enable measurement of dental and skeletal relationships
    • Usually lateral view (true lateral)
      Includes soft tissue profile

BDS3 CLINICAL Radiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions