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Physics 3 > Quality Assurance > Flashcards

Quality Assurance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the attenuation coefficient?

A

1/2 frequency x path length

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2
Q

Expensive and closely matches the clinical experience vs string/belt in a water bath that dont match the clinical experience but are more affordable

A

Flow vs String/belt Doppler phantoms

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3
Q

The ability to distinguish between 2 objects perpendicular to the beams path

A

Lateral resolution

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4
Q
A

Elevational resolution

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5
Q

Looks for areas of non-uniformity in a linear array

A

Image uniformity

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6
Q

The ability to distinguish 2 objects perpendicular to the beam’s path

A

Elevational resolution

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7
Q

SPL =

A

Wavelength x RD

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8
Q

1/2 SPL

A

Axial resolution

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9
Q

3 other uses for phantoms that are not QA

A
  1. Demonstration
  2. Training
  3. Research & development
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10
Q

A structure that contains one or more materials that simulate body tissues

A

Tissue equivalent phantom

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11
Q

Who are the 3 people responsible for QA?

A
  1. Physician
  2. Sonographer
  3. Service (biomedical and manufacturer)
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12
Q

Dead zone measurement, detailed resolution, distance accuracy, image uniformity, depth of penetration, cyst imaging capabilities

A

The things phantoms can test for

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13
Q
A

Dead Zone

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14
Q

PZT Curie temp

A

350 celsius

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15
Q
A

Image uniformity

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16
Q

A test for older static B scanners to ensure the positioning is accurate for the reconstructed image

A

Registration

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17
Q

Testing the system’s ability to detect weak echoes

A

Sensitivity tests

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18
Q

A form of radiotherapy where a sealed radiation source is placed inside or next to the area requiring treatment

A

Brachytherapy

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19
Q

A small transducer that produces a voltage proportional to the received acoustic pressure wave for the purposes of measuring output power or intensity

A

Hydrophone

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20
Q

AIUM 100 benefits

A

Quite inexpensive but have no grayscale and therefore no attenuation

21
Q

Responsible for acceptance testing when a machine arrives on site to ensure patient and employee safety

A
22
Q

Measuring pins at known distances with calipers and comparing the numbers

A

Distance accuracy

23
Q

1540 m/s

A

Speed of sound in soft tissue

24
Q

Another name for dead zone

A

Main bang artifact

25
Q

What are the 5 things doppler phantoms test

A
  1. Maximum depth
  2. Gate position accuracy
  3. Volume flow and velocity accuracy
  4. Colour flow penetration
  5. Image congruency test
26
Q

Number of shades of grey

A

Dynamic range

27
Q

The systems ability to detect weak echoes

A

Sensitivity

28
Q

The ability to differentiate between two separate objects along the beam path

A

Axial resolution

29
Q
A

Lateral resolution

30
Q

Older testing device in which a plastic case contains steel rods and is filled with water

A

AIUM 100

31
Q

1/2 Frequency

A

Attenuation coefficient

32
Q
A

Axial resolution

33
Q

Why is it important to measure over larger distances when testing distance accuracy?

A

Detects smaller margins of error

34
Q

Distance = go return time x speed of sound /2

A

Range equation?

35
Q

The director of the quality assurance program

A

Radiologist/physician

36
Q
A

Sensitivity

37
Q

5 mechanisms of attenuation

A
  • absorption
  • reflection
  • refraction
  • wavefront divergence
  • scatter
38
Q

The use of extreme cold produced by liquid nitrogen (or argon gas) to destroy abnormal tissue

A

Cryosurgery

39
Q

Name 4 reasons for quality assurance

A
  1. Ensure the equipment is working properly
  2. Detects gradual degradation that would otherwise be missed in daily use
  3. Minimize machine downtime
  4. Minimize misdiagnosis
40
Q
A

Contrast resolution

41
Q

Flow and String or Belt

A

The two types of doppler phantoms

42
Q

The display filling in the missing gaps with estimated data points

A

Interpolation

43
Q

Why are phantoms better than AIUM? Why are they worse?

A

They give a more realistic approximation of performance because they allow for grayscale, attenuation and speed of sound in soft tissues
They are also more expensive

44
Q

Plastic case that contains gel, graphite powder and can mimic solid and cystic lesions

A

Phantoms

45
Q

How does a hydrophone produce a voltage?

A

From the received acoustic power

46
Q

What does a plotter do for a hydrophone?

A

Can be moved throughout the sound field to test the power output at different areas

47
Q

What does a hydrophone with an oscilloscope do?

A

Measures SPL, PD, PRP, PRF, DF

48
Q

What does a hydrophone with a spectrum analyzer do?

A

Measures resonant frequency, bandwidth, fractional bandwidth, and Q factor

Physics 3 (5 decks)

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