qualitative research Flashcards
What is the main goal of quantitative research?
The main goal of quantitative research is to measure variables and generalise findings from a sample to a population using numerical data and statistical analysis.
What is the gold standard research design in quantitative studies?
Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard in quantitative research, particularly in clinical trials.
What is an independent variable?
An independent variable is a factor that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable
What is a dependent variable?
A dependent variable is the outcome or response that is measured in a study to assess the impact of the independent variable.
What is random sampling?
Random sampling is a method where every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the study, reducing selection bias.
What is a cohort study?
A cohort study is an observational study where participants are followed over time to observe the effect of certain exposures or risk factors on outcomes.
What is a case-control study?
A case-control study compares individuals with a condition (cases) to those without (controls) to identify factors associated with the condition.
What are descriptive statistics?
Descriptive statistics summarise data using measures such as mean, median, mode, and standard deviation to describe the characteristics of the sample.
What are inferential statistics?
Inferential statistics allow researchers to make conclusions about a population based on sample data, including hypothesis testing and estimating population parameters.
What is a null hypothesis (H₀)?
The null hypothesis (H₀) states that there is no relationship or effect between the variables being studied, and any observed differences are due to chance.
What is the alternative hypothesis (H₁)?
The alternative hypothesis (H₁) suggests that there is a relationship or effect between the variables being studied, contrary to the null hypothesis.
What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?
Hypothesis testing is used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis, based on the statistical significance of the observed data.
What is content validity?
Content validity assesses whether a measurement tool covers all aspects of the concept it is intended to measure.
What is construct validity?
Construct validity evaluates how well a measurement tool accurately reflects the theoretical construct it is supposed to measure.
What is external validity?
External validity refers to the extent to which study results can be generalised to other settings, populations, or times.
