Qualitative Research Flashcards
what is qualitative research?
no numerical data, all descriptive data
“examines data for patterns, common themes, and relationships bw phenomena”
what are the characteristics of qualitative research?
concerned with events and human interactions w/in the natural context
seeks deep understanding of a phenomenon through narrative description
naturalistic, interpretive research approach
“insider perspective”
what is emic?
insider’s perspective
perspective focus on the intrinsic cultural distinctions that are meaningful to members of a given society
what is etic?
perspective of an outsider looking in
researcher-oriented
attempts to be culturally neutral, interpret culture impartially
what are the 3 “legs” of evidence based practice?
best available research evidence
clinician’s knowledge and skills
pt’s wants and needs
what are the 4 assumptions of qualitative research?
1) complexity of human behavior
2) importance of context
3) multiple realities
4) dependence of knowledge
what does complexity of human behavior mean?
human behavior extends beyond what can be observed and objectively measured
behavior is dynamic, situation, social, and personal
human behaviors have meanings and are reflective of ppl beyond what we can measure
there are meanings behind behaviors
what does importance of context mean?
the world and ppl’s experiences cannot be separated
human behaviors can only be understood in context
norms, traditions, roles, and values are crucial contextual variables
what does multiple realities mean?
humans perceive and interpret reality differently based on the context and their past experiences
an objective event that happens is perceived differently by different people
what does dependence of knowledge mean?
knowledge is time and context dependent
what is the research purpose of qualitative research?
to explore/discover ideas
explain/understand phenomenon
seeking to understand the emic
subjective, holistic (context and perceptions)
what is the research purpose of quantitative research?
to test pre-specified concepts of hypotheses
objective, particularistic
count and classify features
examine relationships and causation
what is the research question of qualitative research?
“what is it like to be…?”
“what is the experience of…?”
“what motivates participation in…?”
“what contributes to perception of QOL…?”
what is the research question of quantitative research?
“what is the difference bw…?”
“what is the relationship bw…?”
what is the research design of qualitative research?
inductive
more in depth info
flexible
what is the research design of quantitative research?
deductive process
more breadth of info (bugger data set is better)
highly structures and laid out in advance
hypothesis dictates experiment
what are common examples of research designs in qualitative research?
ethnography
phenomenology
case studies
action research (QI/QA)
Delphi
what is purposive sampling?
hand picking to best rep the culture/experience
what is data saturation?
how we know the sampling is enough in qualitative research
what determines the sample size in qualitative research?
data saturation
what determines the sample size in quantitative research?
power analysis
what are the research methods in qualitative research?
unstructured/semi-structured techniques w/in the natural context/setting
interview, observation, focus group, survey/questionnaire
asks open ended questions to explore behavior/phenomenon
what are the research methods in quantitative research?
highly structures methods for numeric info
asks questions that give quantifiable answers
does qualitative research follow a hypothesis?
nope
which type of research is more subjective?
qualitative
what type of research is highly structured?
quantitative
what are the types of data and data analysis for qualitative research?
text-based, descriptive
search for themes, patterns, and linkage in the text
analysis occurs concurrently w/data collection and shapes the ongoing research (very flexible design)
what are the types of data and data analysis for quantitative research?
numeric, measurable
quantify behaviors, and other variables
statistical tests
everything is quantified
what conclusions can we make from qualitative research?
primarily inductive process
less generalizable - more context dependent
more subjective
what conclusions can we make from quantitative research?
primarily deductive process
more generalizable - not context specific
more objective
what is the role of the researcher in qualitative research?
primary research instrument
everything is filtered through the lens of the researcher
involved as a participant or observer
what is the role of the researcher in quantitative research?
objective-not part of the study
no participation
documentation using objective language
what is the reliability and validity of qualitative research?
largely depends on the skill and rigor of the researcher
what is the reliability and validity of quantitative research?
largely depends on the accuracy of the measurement device or instrument used (internal/external validity)
what are the strengths of qualitative research?
researchers gain insider perspective
useful for explaining/ understanding phenomenon
allows for ambiguities or contraindications in the data
what are the strengths of quantitative research?
scientific objectivity
useful for testing and validating hypotheses
less susceptible to ambiguities of interpretations
replication and generalizability
what are the limitations of qualitative research?
difficult to replicate or generalize
small scale data sets
level of expertise and time required for data collection, analysis, and interpretation
what are the limitations of quantitative research?
variability of data quantity (need large data set for accurate analysis)
context not included
why are both qualitative and quantitative research important?
bc not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted
choosing a research paradigm depends on what two things?
1) what is being studied
2) the nature of the research question
