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Chemistry Extension > Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis > Flashcards

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is qualitative analysis

A

Tell you what’s present

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2
Q

What is quantitative analysis

A

How much of that substance is present

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3
Q

How do you test for positive ions

A

Using sodium hydroxide to form an insoluble coloured hydroxide

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4
Q

What colour precipitate does calcium form

A

White

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5
Q

What colour does copper form

A

Blue

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6
Q

What colour does iron (II) form

A

Green

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7
Q

What colour does iron (III) form

A

Brown

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8
Q

What colour does aluminium form

A

White at first but then redissolves in excess NaOH to give a colourless solution

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9
Q

What does ammonium form

A

No precipitate but when heated gives off ammonia which can be identified by Turning universal indicator paper purple

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10
Q

What is the test for halides

A

Add dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate

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11
Q

Why is the acid added in a test for halides

A

To get rid of carbonate ions before testing

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12
Q

What colour precipitate does chloride give

A

White

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13
Q

What colour precipitate does bromide gives

A

Cream

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14
Q

What colour does iodide give

A

Yellow

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15
Q

How do you test for carbonates

A

Use dilute acid to form carbon dioxide and test with lime water

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16
Q

How do you test for sulphates

A

Use Hydrochloric acid followed by barium chlorid to form am insoluble precipitate of barium sulfate

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17
Q

What will one mole of any substance have a mass in grams equal to

A

The relative formula mass

18
Q

How do you work out the number of moles in a compound

A

Mass in grams divided by formula mass

19
Q

How do you work out the mass of an element or compound

A

Number of moles multiplied by relative formula mass

20
Q

How do you work out mass concentration of a solution

A

Mass divided by volume

21
Q

How do you work out mole concentration

A

Mass concentration divided by formula mass

22
Q

How do you work out mass concentration using mole concentration

A

Mole concentration multiplied by formula mass

23
Q

What does hard area react with soap to form

A

Scum

24
Q

What do you have to do to get a lather with hard water

A

Use more soap

25
Q

What is hardness in water caused by

A

Calcium and magnesium ions

26
Q

What does calcium carbonate react with acid rain to form

A

Calcium hydrogencarbonate

27
Q

How do you remove temporary hardness and what is it caused by

A

It’s caused by calcium hydrogencarbonate

To remove it you can boil the water to from calcium carbonate (limescale)

28
Q

How can you remove permanent hardness

A

An ion exchange resin

Exchange of calcium and magnesium ions into sodium and hydrogen ions

29
Q

What is a resin

A

A solid polymer that’s insoluble in water

30
Q

What are titrations used for

A

To find out concentrations

31
Q

What does titrations also allow you to find out

A

How much acid is needed to neutralise a quantity of alkali

32
Q

When is the indicator phenolphthalein used

A

When there is a weak acid and a strong alkali

33
Q

When is the indicator methyl orange used

A

Strong acid and weak alkali

34
Q

How do you work out the number of moles in a titration

A

Concentration multiplied by volume

35
Q

How would you make a soluble salt from an insoluble reactant

A 
Acid plus insoluble reactant 
Insoluble reactant such as metal carbonate or oxide 
Add together and leave to dissolve 
Filter to remove excess solid 
Heat to from crystallised salt
36
Q

How do you make soluble salts from a soluble reactant

A

Acid with an alkali
Alkali such as sodium ammonium or potassium hydroxide as they’re soluble
Must first carry out a titration to make sure the quantities are correct as you can’t tell when the reaction has finished
Add together and evaporate off to form a pure dry salt

37
Q

In what cases would you need to know what is present in a substance

A

Blood tests for general health,diagnose disease, alcohol

Water companies to check water purity

38
Q

Examples of insoluble bases

A

Metal carbonate

Metal oxide

39
Q

Examples of alkalis to produce a soluble reactant

A

Sodium , potassium, ammonium hydroxides

40
Q

When using an acid and a base to produce a soluble reactant why can’t you add excess alkali to ensure the reaction has finished (been neutralised)

A

Because the salt produced is soluble so can’t just filter out the excess

Chemistry Extension (5 decks)

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