Qualitative Analysis Sheet Flashcards
Tests for Anion
Carbonate CO3^2-
add dilute acid, then test for carbon dioxide gas
effervesence; CO2 produced
Chloride, Cl^-
acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate
white ppt.
Bromine Br^-
acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate
cream ppt.
Iodide, I^−
acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate
yellow ppt.
Nitrate, NO3^-
add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then aluminium foil; warm carefully
ammonia produced
Sulfate, SO4^2-
acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous barium nitrate
white ppt
sulfite, SO3^2-
add a small volume of acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII)
the acidified aqueous potassium manganate (VII) changes
colour from purple to colourless
Test for aqueous cations
Aluminium,
Al 3+
aqueous sodium hydroxide - white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution
aqueous ammonia - white ppt., insoluble in excess
Test for aqueous cations
ammonium
NH4^+
aqueous sodium hydroxide - ammonia produced on warming
aqueous ammonia -
Test for aqueous cations
calcium, Ca2+
aqueous sodium hydroxide - white ppt., insoluble in excess
aqueous ammonia - no ppt. or very slight white ppt.
Test for aqueous cations
chromium(III), Cr3+
aqueous sodium hydroxide - green ppt., soluble in excess
aqueous ammonia - green ppt., insoluble in excess
Test for aqueous cations
copper(II), Cu2+
aqueous sodium hydroxide - light blue ppt., insoluble in excess
aqueous ammonia - light blue ppt., soluble in excess, giving a dark blue solution
Test for aqueous cations
iron(II), Fe2+
aqueous sodium hydroxide - green ppt., insoluble in excess, ppt. turns brown near surface on standing
aqueous ammonia - green ppt., insoluble in excess, ppt. turns brown near surface on standing
Test for aqueous cations
iron(III), Fe3+
aqueous sodium hydroxide - red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess
aqueous ammonia - red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess
Test for aqueous cations
zinc, Zn2+
aqueous sodium hydroxide - white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution
aqueous ammonia - white ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution