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Chemistry 0620 > Organic chemistry > Flashcards

Organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

General formula for an alkane

A

Cn H2n+2

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2
Q

General formula for an alkene?

A

Cn H2n

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3
Q

General formula for Alcohols?

A

Cn H2n+1 OH

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4
Q

General formula for carboxylic acids?

A

Cn H2n+1 COOH

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5
Q

Define functional group?

A

An atom or and group of atoms that determine the chemical properties for a homologous series

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6
Q

Define structural isomers?

A

Compounds with three same molecular formula but a different structural formulae

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7
Q

Define Homologous series

A

A family of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group

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8
Q

Characteristics of a homologous series?

A
  • same functional group
  • same general formula
  • differing from each other by CH2
  • displaying a trend in physical properties
  • similar chemical properties
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9
Q

Saturated compounds?

A

All carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds.

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10
Q

Unsaturated compound?

A

A compound with one or more carbon- carbon bonds are not single bonds
eg alkene

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11
Q

How is crude oil separated?

A

Fractional distillation

In a fractionating column

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12
Q

Name the fractions

A

(a) refinery gas
(b) gasoline /petrol fraction
(c) naphtha fraction
(d) kerosene /paraffin
(e) diesel oil/ gas oil
(f) fuel oil fraction
(g) lubricating oil
(h) bitumen fraction

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13
Q

what is the use of refinery gas?

A

heating and cooking

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14
Q

Use of gasoline/petrol

A

fuel used in cars

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15
Q

Use of naphtha?

A

Chemical feedstock

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16
Q

Kerosene/paraffin

A

Jet fuel

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17
Q

Use of diesel oil/gas oil?

A

Diesel engines

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18
Q

Use of Fuel oil?

A

In ships and home heating systems

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19
Q

Use of Lubricating oil?

A

lubricants, waxes and oils

20
Q

Use of Bitumen?

A

Making roads

21
Q

four need to be listed

As you go down the fractionating column…..?

A

(a) increasing chain length
(b) lower volatility
(c) Higher boiling points
(d) Higher viscosity

22
Q

What is a Substitution reaction in alkanes?

A

one atom or group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms

23
Q

What happens when alkanes react with bromine or chlorine?

A

A photochemical reaction with UV light takes place

UV is used to provide activation energy

24
Q

Write an equation for the reaction between chlorine and methane

A

Methane + Chlorine —-> Chloromethane + HCl

In the presence of UV light

25
Q

Write an equation for the reaction between Ethane and Bromine

A

Ethane + Bromine —> bromoethane + Hydrogen Bromide

26
Q

Compare the flames when alkanes and alkenes are burned

A

alkanes burn with a clean flame and alkenes with a sooty flame

27
Q

What happens when you add alkenes to aqueous bromine?

A

It will decolourise bromine whater immediatley

This is used to distinguish between saturated and unsturated hydrocarbon

28
Q

What are the products of the combustion of an alkene?

Alkene + Oxygen

A

Carbon dioxide + Water

29
Q

How many products are made in the addition reactions of alkenes?

A

one

30
Q

Ethene + Steam

Addition of Steam - Hydration

A

Ethanol

Phosporic catalyst, 300 C , 60atm/6000kPa

31
Q

Ethene + Hydrogen?

Addition of Hydrogen - Hydrogenation

A

Ethane

Nickel catalyst, 150 - 130 C

Alkene + Hydrogen -> Alkane

32
Q

Ethene + Bromine

Addition of a Halogen - Halogenation

A

Dibromoethane

33
Q

What are the two methods of manufacturing and alcohol?

A

Fermentation and catalytic addition of stem

34
Q

Equation for the of glucose in the abscense of oxygen?

Anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose —> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + 2ATP

25 - 30 C in the presence of yeast

35
Q

Uses of Ethanol?

A

as a solvent and a fuel

36
Q

How is Ethanoic acid formed?

A

by oxidation of ethanol by the fermentation of bacteria and acidified potassium permanganate

37
Q

What are esters?

A

the product from the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid

the other product is water

38
Q

What is a polymer?

A

large molecules built up from many smaller molecules called monomers

39
Q

What are the problems cause by the disposal of plastic?

Plastics are made from polymers

A

(a) disposal in land fill sites
(b) accumulation in oceans
(c) formation of toxic gases from burning

40
Q

What are the two types of polymerisation?

A

Addition and Condensation

41
Q

What is lost during condensation polymerisation?

A

Wateris lost and ____ links are formed

Ester links for polyester and amide links fro nylon

42
Q

What are the momoners of polyester

or polyethylene terephtalate, terylene

A

dicarboxylic acid and diol

43
Q

What are the monomers of Nylon

polyamide

A

dicarboxylic and diamine

amine is NH3, present in proteins

44
Q

Proteins are…?

A

natural polyamides and that
they are formed from amino acid monomers

acid, amine group and CHR. R changes eg R is H for glycine

45
Q

How are proteins split up?

A

Hydrolysis

Paper chromatography is used to seperate and identify the products

Chemistry 0620 (2 decks)

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