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qualitative analysis Flashcards

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1
Q

blue solid

A

hydrated Cu2+ salts
(e.g. CuSO4.5H2O, Cu(NO3)2.3H2O

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2
Q

green solid

A

Fe2+ compounds (e.g. FeSO4)
CuCO3

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3
Q

red-brown solid

A

Fe3+ compounds (e.g. Fe(OH)3)

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4
Q

yellow solid

A

AgI

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5
Q

black solid

A

CuO
Iodine (I2)

iodine itself is solid

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6
Q

grey solid

A

most metals
(e.g. Zn, Fe, Al metal)

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7
Q

silver solid

A

Ag metal

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8
Q

pink solid

A

Cu metal

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9
Q

white solid

A

most other compounds
anhydrous CuSO4

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10
Q

blue solution

A

Cu2+ (aq)
e.g. CuSO4 (aq), Cu(NO3)2 (aq)

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11
Q

green solution

A

Fe2+ (aq)
e.g. FeSO4 (aq). FeCl2 (aq)

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12
Q

yellow solution

A

Fe3+ (aq)
e.g. FeCl3 (aq)

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13
Q

purple solution

A

KMnO4

potassium manganate

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14
Q

orange solution

A

K2Cr2O7

potassium dichromate

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15
Q

colourless solution

A

most other solutions

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16
Q

tests for cations

A

adding aqueous sodium hydroxide to salt solutions
adding aqueous ammonia to salt solutions

17
Q

Na+ & K+

A

NaOH (aq):
- few drops: no precipate formed
- excess: no change

NH3 (aq):
- few drops: no precipitate
- excess: no change

18
Q

Al3+

A

NaOH (aq):
- few drops: white precipitate formed
- excess: precipitate soluble to form a colourless solution (sodium aluminate)

NH3 (aq):
- few drops: white precipitate
- excess: ppt insoluble

19
Q

Zn2+

A

NaOH (aq):
- few drops: white ppt formed
- excess: ppt soluble to form colourless solution (sodium zincate)

NH3 (aq):
- few drops: white ppt formed
- excess: ppt dissolves to form colourless solution

20
Q

Ca2+

A

NaOH (aq):
- few drops: white ppt formed
- excess: ppt insoluble

NH3 (aq):
- few drops: no ppt formed
- excess: no change

21
Q

NH4+

A

NaOH (aq):
- no ppt formed
- colourless pungent gas turns moist red litmus paper blue
- ammonia gas evolved

22
Q

Cu2+

A

NaOH (aq):
- few drops: pale blue ppt
- excess: ppt insoluble

NH3 (aq):
- few drops: blue ppt
- excess: ppt dissolves to form dark blue solution

23
Q

Fe2+

A

NaOH (aq):
- few drops: green ppt formed
- excess: ppt insoluble; ppt turned red-brown in contact with oxygen in air

NH3 (aq):
- few drops: green ppt formed
- excess: ppt insoluble; ppt turn red-brown in contact with oxygen in air

24
Q

Fe3+

A

NaOH (aq):
- few drops: red-brown ppt formed
- excess: ppt insoluble

NH3 (aq):
- few drops: red-brown ppt
- excess: ppt insoluble

25
Q

test for anions

A

checking for presence of:
ppt formed & solubility of ppt in acid
gas evolved

26
Q

carbonate CO3 2-

A

test: add dilute acid, pass gas given off into limewater
observations:
- effervescence observed
- colourless and odourless gas evolved
- gas forms white ppt with limewater
- CO2 (g) is evolved

26
Q

chloride Cl-

test for cl-

A

test: add aq silver nitrate, then add dilute nitric acid
observations: white ppt formed, ppt insoluble in dilute acid

27
Q

iodide (I-)

A

test: add aq silver nitrate, then add dilute nitric acid
observations: yellow ppt formed, ppt insoluble in dilute acid

28
Q

sulfate (SO4 2-)

A

test: add aq barium nitrate, then add dilute nitric acid
observations: white ppt formed, ppt insoluble in dilute acid

29
Q

nitrate (NO3-)

A

test: add aq sodium hydroxide. then add a little Devarda’s alloy (/piece of aluminum foil), warm the mixture. test gas given off with moist red litmus paper
observations: colourless pungent gas evolves that turns moist red litmus paper blue. NH3 (g) evolved.

chemistry (6 decks)

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