Qual Quant Mixed Flashcards
A method for investigating a question based on an assumption.
Quantitative Research
research designs that illustrate control of the variables
– listed from least control to most control
1.Descriptive
2. Correlational (can be under Descriptive also)
3. Causal-Comparative/Quasi-Experimental
4. Experimental Research
Used to gather facts about a particular subject or group
Simple Descriptive
Used to compare two or more groups
Comparative Descriptive
Used to determine the relationship between two or more variables
Correlational
Describes the current status of an identified variable.
* i.e. Kinds of physical activities that typically occur in nursing homes.
Descriptive
Designed to provide systematic information about a phenomenon.
* What / How / Why is this happening?
Descriptive
Development of hypothesis after collection, analysis and synthesis of
data
Descriptive
Attempts to determine the extent of a relationship between two or more variables using statistical data.
Descriptive - Correlational
Relationships between and among a number of facts are sought and interpreted.
Descriptive - Correlational
Cause and effect is not the goal.
Descriptive - Correlational
Recognition of trends and patterns in data, but does not analyze for cause.
Descriptive - Correlational
Variables are not manipulated, but studied in a natural setting.
Descriptive - Correlational
is a commonly used measure of correlation.
A Pearson correlation coefficient
It ranges from -1 to +1.
A Pearson correlation coefficient
A value of ___ describes a perfect negative linear relationship.
-1
A value of ___ describes a perfect positive linear relationship.
+1
A value of ___ indicates no linear relationship.
0
Attempts to establish cause-effect relationships among the variables.
Quasi- Experimental
Groups are not randomized. - Not a true experiment.
Quasi- Experimental
Non-equivalent groups (comparative)
Pre-test/Post-test Cross-section Longitudinal - time series
Characteristics and designs of Quasi-Experimental
Non-equivalent groups (comparative) therefore not randomized
Pre-Test/Post-Test Comparative
Known and unknown variables shared between groups.
Pre-Test/Post-Test Randomized
Tests or verifies theories or explanations
Identifies suitable variables
Develops questions and hypothesis related to variables
Determines standards of validity and reliability
Uses numerical observation and measurement of information
Quantitative Research
The Researcher
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results Discussion/Conclusion References
Typical Sections in a Quantitative Journal Article
- Background or context statement
- Study purpose
- Simple design description
- Methodology description
- Results
- Author conclusion
Abstract
An overview - Abbreviated synopsis of core article information that includes:
Clear and general statement of purpose for the study Explanation or description of a research problem being studied Includes succinct literature review
* current understanding of the problem
* relevant and, if possible, current research findings
* provides context and rational
Answers the question “why should anyone care” Enables reader to predict what the study will look like
Introduction
- Detailed description of how the study was carried out to address the research question or hypothesis
- A clear and complete description of the specific steps taken
- One of the most important sections for assessing plausible explanations for study results
- A good methodology allows for study reproducibility
- Divided up into descriptive Sub Headings
Methods
Participants
Study design
Equipment
* Include all measurement tools and equipment (Reliability and validity studies, manufacturers specs, use in other research)
Intervention / Procedures
Data collection
Statistical Analysis
Methods
- Sub Headings
Design and analyses describes the classification and analysis of the data
* How data was analyzed
* P-value
Methods - Procedures
The probability of observing such a large difference purely by chance.
p-Value of 0.05
T/F Mathematical probabilities like p-values range from 0 (no chance) to 1 (all chance).
TRUE
So 0.5 means a 50 per cent and 0.05 means a 5 per cent probability that the outcome was due to______.
Chance
Statistically significant =
a p-value ≤ 0.05 does not necessarily mean the findings are important.
- A description of what the results mean in terms of the research question
- Based on author’s interpretation and opinion of what the data mean
- Informed and supported by the results
- Findings of other studies that support/refute results
- Limitations of the study
- Furtherresearch
Discussion / Conclusion
Should be in the format of the Journal
Usual styles are APA, AMA, Vancouver or Harvard
References
A method for investigating or developing a question where data collection is in the form of words, based on an ongoing process of change in which there is no distinction between the observer and the observed
Qualitative Research
The observer describes but does not assume that a particular reality exists or is shared by the observed.
Qualitative Research
An individual’s description is only one of many perspectives, each equally valid
Qualitative Research
Multiple causes that can vary from situation to situation (not linear cause and effect)
Qualitative Research
Observation of phenomena in natural settings without manipulation, but including observer input
Qualitative Research
- Employs
Open-ended questions
Emerging approaches
Text or image data
Participant meanings
Qualitative Research
- Includes personal values, makes interpretations
- Needs participant collaboration, context and setting
- Validates accuracy of findings
- Creates an agenda for change
Qualitative Research
The Researcher …
Phenomenology
Grounded theory Ethnography
Case study
Narrative
Strategies of Enquiry FOR Qualitative Research
Understanding the ‘lived’ experience related to a phenomenon
Phenomenological Research
mall participant number, prolonged engagement
Phenomenological Research
Development of patterns and relationships of meaning
Phenomenological Research
Attempt to derive a general, abstract theory of a process, action or interactions grounded in participants views.
Grounded theory
The “theory” is grounded in the data and emerges with interpretation.
Grounded theory
Data collection is the first step in the process
Grounded Theory
Prolonged study of cultural group in natural setting (Immersion)
Flexible process evolves contextually.
Ethnographic research
In-depth exploration of a program, event, activity or process of one or more individuals.
Case Studies
Detailed information using a variety of data collection procedures over a defined and sustained period of time
Case Studies
Studies the lives of individuals through stories that are turned into a narrative chronology.
Combines narrative and research’s life views
Narrative Research
