Qual Quant Mixed Flashcards by Dan McKenna

A method for investigating a question based on an assumption.

Quantitative Research

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research designs that illustrate control of the variables
– listed from least control to most control

1.Descriptive
2. Correlational (can be under Descriptive also)
3. Causal-Comparative/Quasi-Experimental
4. Experimental Research

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Used to gather facts about a particular subject or group

Simple Descriptive

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Used to compare two or more groups

Comparative Descriptive

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Used to determine the relationship between two or more variables

Correlational

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Describes the current status of an identified variable.
* i.e. Kinds of physical activities that typically occur in nursing homes.

Descriptive

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Designed to provide systematic information about a phenomenon.
* What / How / Why is this happening?

Descriptive

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Development of hypothesis after collection, analysis and synthesis of
data

Descriptive

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Attempts to determine the extent of a relationship between two or more variables using statistical data.

Descriptive - Correlational

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Relationships between and among a number of facts are sought and interpreted.

Descriptive - Correlational

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Cause and effect is not the goal.

Descriptive - Correlational

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Recognition of trends and patterns in data, but does not analyze for cause.

Descriptive - Correlational

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Variables are not manipulated, but studied in a natural setting.

Descriptive - Correlational

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is a commonly used measure of correlation.

A Pearson correlation coefficient

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It ranges from -1 to +1.

A Pearson correlation coefficient

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A value of ___ describes a perfect negative linear relationship.

-1

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A value of ___ describes a perfect positive linear relationship.

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A value of ___ indicates no linear relationship.

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Attempts to establish cause-effect relationships among the variables.

Quasi- Experimental

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Groups are not randomized. - Not a true experiment.

Quasi- Experimental

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Non-equivalent groups (comparative)
Pre-test/Post-test Cross-section Longitudinal - time series

Characteristics and designs of Quasi-Experimental

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Non-equivalent groups (comparative) therefore not randomized

Pre-Test/Post-Test Comparative

Known and unknown variables shared between groups.

Pre-Test/Post-Test Randomized

Tests or verifies theories or explanations
Identifies suitable variables
Develops questions and hypothesis related to variables
Determines standards of validity and reliability
Uses numerical observation and measurement of information

Quantitative Research
The Researcher

Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion/Conclusion References

Typical Sections in a Quantitative Journal Article

* Background or context statement * Study purpose * Simple design description * Methodology description * Results * Author conclusion

Abstract An overview - Abbreviated synopsis of core article information that includes:

Clear and general statement of purpose for the study Explanation or description of a research problem being studied Includes succinct literature review * current understanding of the problem * relevant and, if possible, current research findings * provides context and rational Answers the question “why should anyone care” Enables reader to predict what the study will look like

Introduction

* Detailed description of how the study was carried out to address the research question or hypothesis * A clear and complete description of the specific steps taken * One of the most important sections for assessing plausible explanations for study results * A good methodology allows for study reproducibility * Divided up into descriptive Sub Headings

Methods

Participants Study design Equipment * Include all measurement tools and equipment (Reliability and validity studies, manufacturers specs, use in other research) Intervention / Procedures Data collection Statistical Analysis

Methods - Sub Headings

Design and analyses describes the classification and analysis of the data * How data was analyzed * P-value

Methods - Procedures

The probability of observing such a large difference purely by chance.

p-Value of 0.05

T/F Mathematical probabilities like p-values range from 0 (no chance) to 1 (all chance).

TRUE

So 0.5 means a 50 per cent and 0.05 means a 5 per cent probability that the outcome was due to______.

Chance

Statistically significant =

a p-value ≤ 0.05 does not necessarily mean the findings are important.

* A description of what the results mean in terms of the research question * Based on author’s interpretation and opinion of what the data mean * Informed and supported by the results * Findings of other studies that support/refute results * Limitations of the study * Furtherresearch

Discussion / Conclusion

Should be in the format of the Journal Usual styles are APA, AMA, Vancouver or Harvard

References

A method for investigating or developing a question where data collection is in the form of words, based on an ongoing process of change in which there is no distinction between the observer and the observed

Qualitative Research

The observer describes but does not assume that a particular reality exists or is shared by the observed.

Qualitative Research

An individual’s description is only one of many perspectives, each equally valid

Qualitative Research

Multiple causes that can vary from situation to situation (not linear cause and effect)

Qualitative Research

Observation of phenomena in natural settings without manipulation, but including observer input

Qualitative Research

* Employs Open-ended questions Emerging approaches Text or image data Participant meanings

Qualitative Research

- Includes personal values, makes interpretations - Needs participant collaboration, context and setting - Validates accuracy of findings - Creates an agenda for change

Qualitative Research The Researcher ...

Phenomenology Grounded theory Ethnography Case study Narrative

Strategies of Enquiry FOR Qualitative Research

Understanding the ‘lived’ experience related to a phenomenon

Phenomenological Research

mall participant number, prolonged engagement

Phenomenological Research

Development of patterns and relationships of meaning

Phenomenological Research

Attempt to derive a general, abstract theory of a process, action or interactions grounded in participants views.

Grounded theory

The “theory” is grounded in the data and emerges with interpretation.

Grounded theory

Data collection is the first step in the process

Grounded Theory

Prolonged study of cultural group in natural setting (Immersion) Flexible process evolves contextually.

Ethnographic research

In-depth exploration of a program, event, activity or process of one or more individuals.

Case Studies

Detailed information using a variety of data collection procedures over a defined and sustained period of time

Case Studies

Studies the lives of individuals through stories that are turned into a narrative chronology. Combines narrative and research’s life views

Narrative Research