Evidence - Based Medicine Flashcards
*A _________, biomedical perspective
What is Evidenced-Based Medicine?
FITB (fill in the blank) Positivistic
______ - ______ approach to the practice of medicine
What is Evidenced-Based Medicine?
Problem-oriented
Seeks to improve patient care by considering the quality of clinical evidence.
What is Evidenced-Based Medicine?
Founded upon an ideal that decisions about the care of individual patients should involve the “conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence.”
What is Evidenced-Based Medicine?
What is Evidenced-Based Medicine?
Clinical Judgement
Relevant Scientific Evidence
Patients’ Values and Preferances
EBM Hierarchy - Primary Studies
Randomized Control Trial
Cohort Studies
Case Control Studies
EBM Hierarchy - Primary Studies which of the 2 of the three are Observational Studies?
Cohort Studies
Case Control Studies
EBM Hierarchy - Secondary, Pre-appraised, or filtered Studies
Clinical Practice Guidelines
Meta-Analysis
EBM Hierarchy - No Design
Case Report or Case Studies
EBM Hierarchy - Not involved w/ Humans
Animal and Lab Studies
EBM uses “_______ -standards”
gold
T/F A Randomized Control Trial (RCT) is a research study “gold standard”
True
T/F An RCT is the most accepted scientific method of determining the (ideally) unbiased evaluations of the benefit of a drug or a therapeutic procedure.
True
T/F EBM is considered to represent the “best” evidence available, which ideally should be integrated with clinical judgement and patient values into the final decision about the management of a condition by healthcare practitioners.
True
The Randomized Controlled Trial is a study design that _______ assigns participants into an experimental group or a control group.
randomly
As the study is conducted, the only expected difference between the control and experimental groups is the ______ or ______ variable being studied.
intervention or outcome
RCT Otherwise known as:
_______ AND ______
CAUSE AND EFFECT
Any tendency that limits impartial consideration of a question or issue.
Bias
In academic research, bias refers to a type of ______ ______ that can distort measurements and/or affect investigations and their results.
systematic error
Confounder Bias
Selection bias
Performance bias
Detection bias
Attrition bias
Reporting bias
Other biases
Types of bias in Research
Distorts the treatment effect due to a variable ______ ______ ______ ______ that causes an imbalance between treatment groups.
Confounder Bias
associated with the outcome
Differences between baseline characteristics of the groups that are compared.
Selection bias
Differences between groups in the care that is provided, or in exposure to factors other than the interventions of interest.
Performance bias
Differences between groups in how outcomes are determined.
Detection bias
- Differences between groups in withdrawals from a study that leads to incomplete outcome data
- Exclusion * Attrition
Attrition bias