QU1 mod 1 Flashcards
Why do we care about statistics
statistics is a way to get information from data
data not information
what is data
data is a set of numbers that represents some type of metric or measurement
what is information
is what the data means
What is a population
set of all values under consideration (large number, used for stats canada every 5 years?)
- more time, more money to conduct
better quality of information
What is a sample
a sample is a smaller number being considered than a population
- less time and money to conduct
- less quality of information
- used more often
What is descriptive statistics
how data is organized, described an presented:
- mean(average), variance, range etc
- organized and presented using charts
What is inferential statistics
drawing conclusions about the population based on the sample’s data
What is confidence level
confidence level = percentage of times we expect the conclusion drawn from the sample to be right as compared to the population
What is significance level
significance level = percentage of times we expect the conclusion drawn from the sample to be wrong as compared to the population
what are the factors that would affect the confidence/ significance level?
- size of sample
- representation
better samples = more confidence
What is important to know for populations vs samples
whether the data is full population or sample data
- different methods are used on samples than populations
What population calculations called
parameters
what are sample calculations called
statistics
What is a variable
a characteristic of a population or sample that is of interest
What is data
set of observed values for a variable
what is interval data
quantitative, numerical (count, dollar value, weight etc)
What is nominal data
Qualitative, categorical
colour, location, model, status etc
What is ordinal data
rating or ranking
rate as high, medium, low; or ranking from worst to best
What are the types of data?
- interval data
- nominal data
- ordinal data
how is nominal data usually shown (organized and presented)
using charts, focusing on frequency distribution (how many times each category occurs)
- bar chart (number of times each category is observed)
- pie chart (% of times each category occurs), works best with fewer categories
- tables (not used as much, not as each to use)