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DIT Qs > Qs3 > Flashcards

Qs3 Flashcards

1
Q

Focal myocardial inflammation with multinucleate giant cells

A

Rheumatic fever

Aschoff bodies

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2
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic globules in liver near nucleus

A

Alcoholic liver disease

Mallory bodies

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3
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Bronchial asthma

Curschmann’s spirals

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4
Q

Onion-skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma of bone

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5
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cell arrangement

A

Glioblastoma

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6
Q

Elevelated serum uric acid (4)

A

Gout
Lesch-Nyhan
Myeloproliferative disorders
Diuretics

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7
Q

Decreased NADPH due to lack of HMP enzyme

A

G6PD deficiency

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8
Q

Inherited defect in tubular amino acid transporter

A

Cystinuria

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9
Q

Deficiency in homogentistic acid oxidase

A

Alkaptonuria

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10
Q

Blocked degradation of branched chain amino acid

A

Maple syrup urine disease

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11
Q

Derivatives of 3 branchial arch

A 
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
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12
Q

Myasthenia Gravis pharm tx?

A 
Acteylcholinesterase inhibitors
(pyridostigmine, physostigmine)
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13
Q 
What type are these anti-arrhythmics?
Sotalol
Propanolol
Bretylium
Quinidine
A

Sotalol III
Propanolol II
Bretylium III
Quinidine I

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14
Q

Headache + Visual disturbance + Amenorrhea

A

Pituitary adenoma

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15
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, low plasma renin. Dx and tx?

A 
Primary aldosteronism (Conn's)
Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)
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16
Q

How does the brain use ketone bodies?

A

Ketone body metabolized to 2 acetyl-coA molecules for use in TCA cycle

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17
Q

Derivatives of 4th and 6th branchial arches

A

Muscles: Cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, larynx
Nerves: Vagus (recurrent/superior laryngeal)

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18
Q

Pan/holosystolic best heard at the apex, radiates to left axilla

A

MItral regurgitation

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19
Q

Crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur, best in the 2nd-3rd right interspace near the sternum

A

Aortic stenosis

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20
Q

Late systolic preceded by mid-systolic click

A

Mitral prolapse

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21
Q

Early diastolic decrescendo murmur, best along the left side of the sternum

A

Pulmonic regurgitation

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22
Q

Late diastolic decrescendo heard best along left sternum

A

Tricuspid stenosis

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23
Q

Heart disorder: Chromosome 22q11 deletion

A

Truncus arteriosus and tetrology of fallot

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24
Q

Heart disorder: Congenital rubella

A

PDA or pulmonary artery stenosis

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25
Q

Heart disorder: Turner syndrome

A

Coarctation of aorta

Bicuspid aortic valve

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26
Q

Heart disorder: Marfan syndrome

A

Aortic insufficiency

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27
Q

Micro organism: Inactivates EF-2 (2 orgs)

A

Cornyebacterium diptheriae

Pseudomonas (exotoxin A)

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28
Q

Micro: Activates Gs (2 orgs)

A

Vibribo cholerae

E. coli (ETEC heat labile toxin)

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29
Q

Micro: Disables Gi

A

Pertussis toxin

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30
Q

Micro: Bacterial adenylate cyclase

A

Bacillus anthracis

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31
Q

Micro: Blocks GABA and glycine

A

Clostridium tetani

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32
Q

What drug is used to dx Mysasthenia Gravis?

A

Edrophonium

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33
Q

Dilated congestive heart failure, you’d hear:

A

S3 heart sound

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34
Q

Chronic HTN and stiffend LV, you’d hear:

A

S4 heart sound

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35
Q

Jugular venous waves: what gives rise to A, C, V

A

A: Atrial contraction
C: Ventricular contraction
V: Atrial filling against a closed tricuspid valve

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36
Q

Heart murmur associated with weak pulses?

A

Aortic stenosis

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37
Q

What are benign heart sounds (if no other evidence)?

A

Slit S1
Split S2 on inspiration
S3, pt <40
Early, quiet systolic ejection murmur

38
Q

What organisms do not gram stain?

A 
Treponema
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Legionella
Mycoplasma
Mycobacteria
39
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy mutation?

A

Deletion of dystrophin

Degeneration of individual muscle fibers

40
Q

Rumbling late diastolic murmur with an opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

41
Q

Pansystolic along left lower sternal border, radiates to right lower sternal border

A

Tricuspid regurgitation or

VSD

42
Q

High pitched diastolic murmur with widened pulse pressure

A

Aortic regurgitation

43
Q

Crescendo/decrescendo at the 2nd-3rd left interspace

A

Pulmonic stenosis

44
Q

Which antiarrythmic has that side effect of cinchonism?

A

Quinidine

45
Q

Necessary stain for
Cryptococcus
PCP
Chlamydia

A

India ink
Silver stain
Giemsa stain

46
Q

What the acute phase cytokines?

A

IL-1
IL-6
TNF-a

47
Q

What is used to treat Parkinson’s

A 
BALSA
Bromocriptine (Dopamine receptor agonists)
Amantadine
Levodopa (or carbadopa)
Selegiline
Antimuscarinics (benztropine)
48
Q

Tumor markers for pancreatic cancer?

A

CA 19-9 and CEA

CEA also high in gastric and colon cancer

49
Q

What and where are the 2 nervous segments in the GI system?

A

Meissner’s plexus in the submucosa

Auerbach’s (myenteric) plexus in the outer musclaris externa

50
Q

What diseases damage the anterior horn?

A

Polio
West nile virus
ALS

51
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

A

Sarcoidosis

52
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm most commonly due to what?

A

Smoking

Atherosclerosis

53
Q

What is and causes Pulsus Paradoxus?

A

Systolic blood pressure drops by >10 mmHg during inspiration

Caused by asthma, COPD, cardiac tamponade

54
Q

Who must avoid fluoroquinolones?

A

Children and pregnant women

joint and cartilage toxicity

55
Q

How is hnRNA processed before it leaves the nucleus?

A

add 5’ cap and poly-A tail
Splice out introns
(yields mRNA)

56
Q

4 year old girl with vaginal discharge clear; N. gonnorhea

A

Childhood sexual abuse

57
Q

Most common causes of Cushing syndrome

A

Exogenous steroid use
Ectopic ACTH secretion
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
Adrenal tumor that secretes cortisol

58
Q

Treatment for nephrogenic DI?

A

Hydrochorathiazide
Amiloride
Indomethacin

59
Q

How do acidosis and alkalosis affect extracellular potassium?

A

Acidosis: increased extracellular K
Alkalosis: decreased extracellular K

60
Q

Characteristic sequence of a promoter region? What if mutation?

A

TATA box
CAAT box

Mutation: Decreased transcripton of gene

61
Q

Vaginal discharge: physiologic and pathologic pH?

A

Low pH: Physiologic, Candida

High pH: Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella, Mobiluncus), Trichomonas

62
Q

What cell wall inhibitor is used for otitis media 2nd to amoxicillin?

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

63
Q

What cell wall inhibitor is used for prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis?

A

Penicillin V

64
Q

What cell wall inhibitor increases the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides?

A

Cephalosporins

65
Q

Cell wall inhibitor- treatment of syphilis?

A

Penicillin G

66
Q

Cell wall inhibitor- single-dose tx of gonnorrhea?

A

Ceftriaxone

67
Q

4 phases of Drug Development

A

1: Is it safe?
2: Does it work?
3: Does it work better
4: Post-market surverilance

68
Q

Commom causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A 
Bulk up cardio tissue:
Sarcoidosis
Amyloidosis
Hemochromatosis
Loeffler's disease
Endocardial fibroelastosis
Post-radiation fibrosis
69
Q

Change that occurs in a smoker’s trachea?

A

Columnar to squamous metaplasia

70
Q

Tall thin teenage male with dyspnea and left sided chest pain.
Percussion: Hyper-reasonance
Diminished breath sounds

A

Spontaneous pneumothorax

71
Q

Which ECG leads show ischemia in an inferior wall MI?

A

II, III, aVF

72
Q

Pt presents with tinitus, dizziness, headaches, GI distress. What drug is causing these symptoms?

A

Cinchonism

caused by quinine or quinidine

73
Q

Testicular tumor composed of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts

A

Choriocarcinoma

74
Q

Testicular tumor with initial gynecomastia

A

Leydig cell tumor

or sertoli; rare

75
Q

Testicular tumor with elevated a-feta protein

A

Yolk sac tumor

76
Q

Testicular tumor with elevated B-hCG

A

Choriocarcinoma

Embryonal carcinoma

77
Q

Testicular tumor with cytoplasmic clearing on histo

A

Seminoma

78
Q

Testicular tumor with alveolar or tubular appearance, maybe papillary convolutions

A

Embryonal carcinoma

79
Q

Testicular tumor composed of multiple tissue types

A

Teratoma

80
Q

Testicular tumor with histologic endodermal sinus structures (Schiller-Duval bodies)

A

Yolk sac tumor

81
Q

Testicular tumor; 25% have cytoplasmic rod-shaped crystalloids of Reinke

A

Leydig cell tumor

82
Q

Testicular tumor; androgen-producing, associated with precocious puberty

A

Leydig cell tumor

or sertoli

83
Q

What organism is implicated in balanitis?

swelling of the foreskin ;(

A

Candida albicans

84
Q

What cells respond to FSH?

A

Granulosa cells

85
Q

2 Cell estradiol theory?

A

Theca cells make androstenedione

Granulosa cells convert it to estradiol

86
Q

Target cells of LH?

A

Theca cells

87
Q

What ovarian tumor is estrogen-secreting, causes precocious puberty

A

Granulosa theca cell tumor

88
Q

What ovarian tumor produces a-fetaprotein?

A

Yolk sac tumor

aka endodermal sinus tumor

89
Q

What ovarian tumor has psammoma bodies?

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

90
Q

What ovarian tumor intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material?

A

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

91
Q

What ovarian tumor is testosterone-secreting; virilization?

A

Sertoli-leydig cell tumor

DIT Qs (3 decks)

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