QP - PX Flashcards
As the project manager in charge of project planning you are responsible for all of the following except?
a) determining with the client what the expectations are concerning design, cost and other aspects of the project to ensure quality
b) scheduling the construction
c) creating a fee projection
d) scheduling the design work required and ensuring that there are enough fees and staff to complete the work
b) scheduling the construction
Construction scheduling is the responsibility of the general contractor.
You are having an initial meeting with the MEP consultants to review drawings and proposed specifications for a new Moroccan theme restaurant.
What factors should you be most aware of when reviewing the ceiling design?
a) location of air supply in relation to suspended artwork
b) ceiling height and location of structural beam
c) location and number of smoke detectors
d) ul listing of moroccan chandeliers
b) ceiling height and location of structural beams
The ceiling height and location of structural elements is the most important factor determining the space available in the plenum for correct specification of all lighting and ceiling design elements.
The MEP consultant can work the smoke detectors, air supply and return grilles around the planned design, which will be reviewed by the designer for any conflicts. Imported fixtures can be rewired to be UL listed and are often a less expensive option than custom designed fixtures in small quantities.
Where would application instructions for vinyl wallcovering be found?
a) in Part 1 of Section 097200, Wall Covering
b) in a finish schedule at the end of Section 097200, Wall Covering
c) in Part 2 of Section 097200, Wall Covering
d) in Part 3 of Section 097200, Wall Covering
d) in Part 3 of Section 097200, Wall Covering
Part 3, Execution, is the portion of any standard specification section that always contains installation or application requirements.
For further reading, refer to the Qpractice Lesson on Specification Divisions
The project manager is working with a new and inexperienced design team to build and design a small medical office. Which of the following design and scheduling methods would be the easiest for their team to understand and suitable for this particular project?
a) pert chart
b) gantt chart
c) cpm chart
d) full wall schedule
b) gantt chart
There are several methods used to schedule both design and construction. The most common and easiest is the bar chart, sometimes called a Gantt chart.
The various activities are listed along the vertical axis, and a timeline is extended along the horizontal axis. Each activity is given a starting and finishing date, and overlaps are indicated by overlapping bars for each activity. Bar charts are simple to make and understand and are suitable for small to midsize projects. However, they cannot show all the sequences and dependencies of one activity to another.
See also CPM critical path method, milestone chart
Your client has bought two condos vertically adjacent to one another in an existing high-rise building and wants to connect them with a new staircase.
What consultant would be best to consult first?
a) Structural Engineer — to make sure the existing structural system can accommodate a new penetration
b) Mechanical Engineer — to determine that there is no ductwork or plumbing pipes interfering with the proposed stair location
c) Local permitting official for the AHJ
d) The original building architect who has the architectural plans of the space
a) Structural Engineer — to make sure the existing structural system can accommodate a new penetration
It is likely that a mechanical engineer will eventually need to be contacted to coordinate mechanical and plumbing systems around this penetration; however, a structural consultation is required first to make sure a stair penetration is even feasible.
If a project is going to be submitted for LEED Certification, all of the requirements would be listed in which division?
a) Division-10
b) Division-01
c) Division-13
d) Division-09
b) Division-01
All of the requirements for LEED Certification are listed in Division-01 general requirements.
What is the LEAST important part of a project manager’s job?
a) planning job tasks for the project staff on a weekly basis
b) keeping notes on daily decisions and meetings
c) staying current with the client’s opinion of the progress of the project
d) organizing the layout of the construction drawings
d) organizing the layout of the construction drawings
Although on small projects the project manager may organize drawing layout, this is usually the task of the job captain or whoever is in charge of preparing the drawings. The other three choices are more commonly activities of the project manager.
n the formal permitting process, the interior designer is responsible for completing the drawings and specifications, while the licensed contractor is typically responsible for submitting the documents to the AHJ (authority having jurisdiction).
Who is responsible for making sure the project design complies with all applicable codes and regulations?
a) interior designer
b) general contractor
c) building inspector
d) architect
a) interior designer
Although the contractor typically submits the construction documents for permitting, the interior designer is ultimately responsible for making sure the project design complies with all applicable codes and regulations.
This includes federal laws and regulations, like ADA, that are not enforced by the AHJ.
During a renovation project, which of the following team members would a project manager NOT communicate with directly?
a) subcontractors
b) consultants
c) regulatory agencies
d) firm’s principals
a) subcontractors
During construction observation definite lines of communication among the parties are established by the General Conditions of the Contract for Construction.
During this time, the owner and contractor must communicate through the interior designer, unless otherwise provided in the Owner-Designer Agreement and the General Conditions.
Communication between the contractor and consultants should also be through the interior designer. Communications between the interior designer and the subcontractors and material suppliers should be through the contractor.
What is the best way for an interior designer to ensure that the exact product desired will be used in the final design?
a) Show the configuration of the product on the drawings, and call it out specifically.
b) List the information in a proprietary specification.
c) Require that the contractor submit samples of all items before purchasing.
d) Write a closed, descriptive specification
b) List the information in a proprietary specification.
A proprietary specification calls out one single item by brand name, manufacturer, and model number. A proprietary specification is a type of prescriptive specification.
Proprietary specifications are the most restrictive as they give the interior designer complete control over what is to be installed in a project. Sometimes the specifications include an “or equal” clause (referred to as a “base-bid specification”), which means the substitution of other products will be allowed if the contractor thinks they are equal to the one specified.
With a proprietary specification, the interior designer can also require that a sample be submitted to further verify that the item meets the project needs, but requesting a sample alone is not the best way.
On a large restaurant project you have selected a unique handcrafted tile for use throughout the entire restaurant.
You are nervous the contractor will try and replace this product due to cost and long lead times.
In order to ensure you receive the exact product what type of specification should you write?
a) Performance
b) Base-bid
c) Descriptive
d) Proprietary
d) Proprietary
Proprietary specifications are the most restrictive specifications in that they call out a specific manufacturer’s product. These give the interior designer complete control over what is installed. They are easier to write than other types and are generally shorter.
However, they do not allow for competitive bidding and may force the contractor to use materials, or products that are difficult or expensive to procure, or that require a long delivery time.
The below section is part of which division-based standardized system?
Division 9 – Finishes
9100 Metal Support Assemblies
9200 Plaster and Gypsum Board
9300 Tile
9400 Terrazzo
9500 Ceilings
9600 Flooring
9700 Wall Finishes
9800 Acoustical Treatment
9900 Paints and Coating
a) CSI Master Specifications
b) CSC
c) MasterFormat
d) Construction Specifications Institute
c) MasterFormat
The organization of the technical sections has been standardized through the general adoption of the MasterFormat® system developed by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and Construction Specifications Canada (CSC) to standardize the numbering and format of project-related information for use in specifying, cost estimating, and data filing
Master specifications are pre written specifications that cover nearly all types of products, methods of installation, and other variables that relate to a specific product or construction activity.
This system is divided into the following three parts: General/Products/Execution?
a) CSI MasterFormat
b) Master specifications
c) CPM system
d) Guide specifications
a) CSI MasterFormat
The organization of the technical sections has been standardized through the general adoption of the MasterFormat system developed by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and Construction Specifications Canada (CSC) to standardize the numbering and format of project-related information for use in specifying, cost estimating and data filing.
The MasterFormat system establishes a standard way of organizing any particular specification section. The first level of division within a section is the three–part format.
This includes:
Part 1, General
Part 2, Products
Part 3, Execution
All sections include three parts, while the specific articles within the parts vary with the type of material or product being specified
You wish to specify a high density filing system on the 3rd floor for a busy doctors office where space is a concern.
What consultants should you review your potential selections with first?
a) structural engineer
b) mechanical engineer
c) general contractor
d) construction manager
a) structural engineer
The most important consideration is the weight of the filled filing cabinets in the location and the structural support needed. Other factors that need to be considered when planning are the location – which must not interfere with any air supply, return, thermostats, or electrical equipment, and how the units will be installed – because size of openings and access to freight elevators or other means would affect installation.
What should a designer do to create the most concise specifications with the least amount of text?
a) use reference standard specifications
b) use descriptive specifications
c) use a specification writing software
d) use performance specifications
a) use reference standard specifications
A reference standard specification is a variation of the descriptive specification type that describes a material, product, or process based on requirements (reference standards) set by an accepted authority or test method.
These documents describe in great detail the requirements for products and requirements do not need to be repeated. Reference specifications are fairly easy to write and are generally short. Chances for errors are reduced and liability is minimized because industry standards and generally recognized methods of building are being used.
Who would design the plumbing systems and possibly the fire-protection systems on a commercial project?
a) electrical engineer
b) fire protection consultant
c) mechanical engineer
d) civil engineer
c) mechanical engineer
A mechanical engineer will provide the design for any plumbing systems required. Mostmechanical engineers also design the fire protection systems, including the sprinkler systems, although a separate fire-protection consultant may be used. Occasionally, the fire-protection contractor will design the system.
Which would NOT be reported to the client as part of the post-occupancy evaluation?
a) performance of project management processes
b) if there are any problems with the HVAC system
c) adequacy of acoustics
d) if furniture is adequate for the functional requirements of the space
a) performance of project management processes
POEs are done to provide answers to some of the following questions:
Are there problems with the HVAC Systems?
Are there ergonomic problems with the furniture selected?
Is the furniture selected adequate for the functional requirements of the space?
Are the acoustics adequate?
How did the contractor, subcontractors, and other suppliers perform?
A separate in-house evaluation of the project, called by many a post-project evaluation, may be done soon after the project is completed. This evaluation covers things as a time analysis, to see if the project was completed within the time estimate; identification of any problems; and an analysis of performance by suppliers during the delivery process. It could even include a discussion of any issues with the client. The design director may also do a profitability analysis to evaluate whether the project itself was profitable, and whether the firm should seek similar projects in the future.
What standardized system is generally used to organize technical specifications?
a) TCSS - technical constructions specification system
b) Master specifications
c) MasterFormat system
d) Reference standard specifications system
c) MasterFormat system
The organization of the technical sections has been standardized through the general adoption of the MasterFormat system developed by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and Construction Specifications Canada (CSC) to standardize the numbering and format of project-related information for use in specifying, cost estimating, and data filing.
When does the schematic design phase take place?
a) after programming and before design development
b) after design development
c) before programming and after design development
d) before programming and contract administration
a) after programming and before design development
Order of design phases –
Programming/Pre-Design
Schematic Design
Design Development
Construction Documentation
Bidding or Negotiation
Contract Administration
Project Close out and Follow Up
Which would be a benefit to the Owner of using a Construction Manager in the project delivery method?
a) Can speed up the construction schedule by overlapping trades
b) CM responsible for “means and methods”
c) Lowers owner’s liability
d) Early pricing information
d) Early pricing information
Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 6th Edition, Pre-Design, Construction Delivery Methods
When a CM is involved in the delivery process, the traditional design-bid-build method can be used with the CM advising early in the process on cost and constructability questions. More commonly, however, the CM will act as an agent of the owner, advising the interior designer on material selection, costs, and constructability; selecting contractors and subcontractors; negotiating their contracts and construction pricing; and coordinating construction.
Because the owner has more control, they also have more responsibility, so this does NOT lower the owner’s liability. While the CM is understands the construction means and methods with regards to schedule and pricing, these are still the responsibility of the General contractor.
This approach is often used with fast-track construction, in which construction may begin before all design and contract document production is completed. For example, structural, mechanical, and plumbing design may be completed and work started on those elements before architectural woodwork drawings and finish selection are complete. So while it can speed up the construction schedule, this is not due to overlapping of trades.
In most cases, the CM negotiates several contracts with various contractors for mechanical work, electrical work, general construction, and finishes. As with CMs themselves, fast-track construction is more common with architectural projects than interior design projects, but can be useful on large projects.
In the MasterFormat System, which of the following does not belong in Division 03 – Concrete?
a) Grout
b) Concrete restoration
c) Concrete block and Grout
d) Concrete block
d) Concrete block
Concrete block belongs to Division 04 – Masonry, along with brick, stone and other types of blocks (including glass blocks).
What are the difference between CPM chart and a PERT chart
a) nothing, they are the exact same
b) PERT is used for critical deadlines
c) CPM chart shows the sequences and dependencies of one activity on another while PERT does not
d) PERT has an unknown timeline to complete the project while CPM assigns a begining and end time to a project
d) PERT has an unknown timeline to complete the project while CPM assigns a begining and end time to a project
You are working on the conversion of an old waterfront factory building into condos and lofts. The attic of the factory will be turned into two luxury penthouses.
This will require adding two new openings in the attic floor to accommodate an entrance for each penthouse.
What consultant will be needed for designing the new openings in the attic floor?
a) general contractor
b) structural engineer
c) civil engineer
d) architect
b) structural engineer
A structural engineer must be retained to design any structural modifications, including the building frame, floors, and loadbearing walls. The engineer will produce any drawings and specifications for the structural portion of the project
When coordinating with a security consultant, the interior designer’s drawings should show
a) the wiring of the security devices
b) a schedule of all security devices
c) the positioning of required lighting
d) the emergency backup power supply
c) the positioning of required lighting
Lighting locations are shown on the interior designer’s reflected ceiling plans. All of the other options listed would be on the electrical engineer’s drawings or the security consultant’s drawings.
The design firm has prepared the schematic design to renovate a substantial portion of a corporate office. The first budget estimate for the facility redesign has come in below the client’s anticipated budget. As a result of having monies available for a program change, a conflict arises among the client’s stakeholders.
The president of the corporation desires a change of project scope in the executive area, and the marketing department desires an expansion of its demonstration area to become more competitive.
The designer has determined that the corporation’s needs will be best served by following the desires of the marketing department.
What should the first actions they take in this matter?
a) Find other alternatives to which the extra monies may be allocated.
b) Take on the role of a facilitator in order to attempt to resolve the conflict among the stakeholders.
c) Suggest that the client hire a conflict resolution professional to resolve the dispute among the decision-makers.
d) Insist that the schematic design proposal be implemented as is, and additional monies are put toward better furnishings.
b) Take on the role of a facilitator in order to attempt to resolve the conflict among the stakeholders.
The designer should attempt to facilitate decisions that align with the best outcome for the client. Their job is to explain WHY the proposed design solves the client’s needs, wants, and benefits for the corporation’s future operations.
The client has hired the designer for their expertise in planning, thus referring the decision to a third party, especially one who is not a design professional, is not appropriate.
To encourage competitive bidding, public projects usually require what type of construction specifications?
a) prescriptive specifications
b) performance specifications
c) proprietary specifications
d) base – bid specifications
b) performance specifications
Performance Specifications tell what results the final construction assembly must achieve, but they give the contractor some choice in how they will be achieved.
With bidding, the contractor should have as much choice as possible so he or she can find the lowest price within the context of the specification requirements.
The type of specification selected depends on several factors. Public projects usually require open specifications to encourage competitive bidding.
When designing a project in an unfamiliar city, what is the best source of cost data?
a) interior designers and architects who practice in that city and design projects of a similar type
b) a local contractor who builds projects of a similar type
c) the most current cost data book with prices adjusted for geographical location and inflation
d) a computerized cost database targeted for that city
b) a local contractor who builds projects of a similar type
Cost books are dated by the time they are published.
A database is not the best choice because it does not account for current variations in prices or the unique nature of a particular job.
Given the choice between other interior designers or architects and contractors, the contractors are most likely to be the best source of construction cost data.
An accident involving the incorrect installation of an office workstation has caused the owner to file a claim against the interior designer.
Which should provide protection from this claim?
a) errors and omissions insurance
b) general conditions of the contract for FF&E
c) worker’s compensation insurance
d) contract liability clause
a) errors and omissions insurance
Source: Interior Design Reference Manual, 7th Edition, Interior Design Business Practices, Interior Designer’s Insurance
Professional liability insurance protects the designer in case some action by the designer causes bodily injury or property damage. Any business that provides professional services should consider professional liability insurance.
Sometimes called malpractice insurance or errors and omissions insurance, this coverage responds to problems resulting from things such as incorrect specifications, mistakes on drawings, and incorrect installation of furniture.
General liability insurance protects your business from the most common lawsuits brought by people outside your company. Many business owners are required to carry this policy. It covers lawsuits brought by third parties who claim your business caused them bodily harm, property damage, or other personal injuries. General liability can cover lawsuits concerning a scenario such as a slip-and-fall accident at your office.
General liability insurance includes a range of insurance to protect against claims of property damage, liability, and personal injury caused by the designer or employees, consultants, or other people hired by the designer. It may also include product liability insurance, which provides protection in case a product or an installation completed by the designer or a subcontractor does some injury to the client after the designer or subcontractor gives up possession of the product. Sometimes the designer will also buy insurance to cover the possibility that contractors or subcontractors do not have their own valid insurance.
Errors and omissions insurance (E&O), sometimes called professional liability insurance, covers lawsuits brought by third parties (anyone who isn’t an employee) who claim you were negligent in your professional duties. Errors and omissions and general liability insurance each protects you from third-party lawsuits. The difference is what triggers the policy.
E&O insurance covers:
Work errors and oversights
Undelivered services
Incomplete work
Missed deadlines
Budget overruns
Breach of contract
Accusations of negligence
What family of AIA Contract Documents accommodates projects that involve FF&E?
a) Conventional Family
b) B-Series
c) Interiors Family
d) Design-Build
c) Interiors Family
Source: AIA Contract Documents, List of all current AIA Contract Documents
AIA Contract Documents are organized into Families and Series. Series describes how the document is used and between which parties, while Families describe the types of projects.
AIA Contract Documents are grouped into nine families by project type or delivery method:
Conventional (A201 / Design-bid-build)
Construction Manager as Adviser (CMa)
Construction Manager as Constructor (CMc)
Design‐Build
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
Interiors
International
Program Management
Small Projects
Digital Practice
Contract Administration and Project Management
AIA Contract Documents are divided into six alphanumeric series by document use or purpose:
A Series: Owner/Contractor agreements
B Series: Owner/Architect agreements
C Series: Other agreements
D Series: Miscellaneous documents
E Series: Exhibits
G Series: Contract Administration and Project Management Forms
When calculating the billing rate for an upcoming project, which of the following should you consider in the billing rate for each staff member working the project?
a) allowance for office profit and employee’s salary rate
b) employee’s salary rate
c) employee’s salary rate and the cost of an employee’s fringe benefits
d) all of these are used to calculate the billing rate
d) all of these are used to calculate the billing rate
While there are many methods available for charging clients, the most common method is to charge an hourly rate for the people working on the project. This hourly rate is known as the billing rate.
Billing rates are determined based on the amount of money an employee is paid (salary rate) plus the costs of the employee’s fringe benefits, plus the cost of office overhead, plus an allowance for profit.
After meeting with clients to make changes to the tile design in the bath, the designer meets with the contractor and tile supplier to convey the intended changes. What is the legal concept that the designer is practicing?
a) restrictive covenant
b) privity
c) due diligence
d) agency
d) agency
The legal concept of agency is that one person, the “agent” acts on behalf of another, the “principal” in dealings with another “third party”.
In interior design, the agent is the interior designer, the principal, the owner or client and the third party is the contractor or vendor.
According to the AIA Document B152-2019, Standard Form of Agreement Between Owner and Architect for Interior Design and Furniture, Furnishings, and Equipment (FF&E) Design Services, which type of insurance is the Architect required to carry?
a) specified peril and all risk insurance
b) commercial general liability and professional liability insurance
c) liability and all risk property insurance
d) builder’s risk insurance
b) commercial general liability and professional liability insurance
Source: AIA Document B152-2019, Standard Form of Agreement Between Owner and Architect for Interior Design and Furniture, Furnishings, and Equipment (FF&E) Design Services, Article 2 Architect’s Responsibilities
According to the B152-2019, Standard Form of Agreement Between Owner and Architect for Interior Design and Furniture, Furnishings, and Equipment (FF&E) Design Services, the Architect (or Designer) is required to carry:
Commercial General Liability
Automobile Liability
Workers’ Compensation
Employer’s Liability
Professional Liability
Of all the answer choices, only “commercial general liability and professional liability insurance” contains any of the required coverages.
The designer proposed and received approval from the client to fabricate custom draperies using the fabric and trim shown to them during the last presentation.
When placing the fabric order, the designer accidentally transposed two digits of the fabric item number. The wrong fabric is ordered and fabricated.
The client is not happy and wants the original choice instead.
Who is responsible for the cost of the correction?
a) the interior designer
b) the client
c) the drapery fabricator
d) the fabric manufacturer
a) the interior designer
The interior designer is responsible. While a designer can not avoid total liability for errors and omissions, they can limit exposure through quality control and documentation, of all elements and decisions of a project.
Requesting a cutting for approval would have allowed the designer to catch this error before the fabric order is cut.
Interior designers can be held responsible for errors or omissions in work performed or advice given to a client. Often called errors and omissions coverage (E&O), this is a type of professional liability insurance that provides protection should the interior designer or his or her employees make a mistake, which would be an error; or forget or not do something that was required, which is considered an omission.
Another example of an error is specifying a non-code-compliant material as a wall covering in the corridors of a hotel. One example of an omission is forgetting to include smoke detectors in a remodeling of a residence.
What are two (2) critical areas of the Tenant Work Letter?
a) the construction allowance and who will bear the costs of the tenant improvements
b) the construction and the schedule/timeline for when the improvements will be completed
c) who will bear the costs of the tenant improvements, and the schedule/timeline for when the improvements will be completed
d) the construction allowance and the detailed explanation of what is included as well as the parameters under which the work is to be performed
d) the construction allowance and the detailed explanation of what is included as well as the parameters under which the work is to be performed
The tenant work letter is an important part of any commercial lease. The letter serves as an agreement between the landlord and tenant that details the initial tenant improvements (TI) to be built.
The two critical areas of the tenant work letter are
the construction allowance and a detailed explanation of what is included,
who is responsible and the conditions under which the work will be performed.
An interior designer has decided to open her own design studio as a sole proprietor operating from her home.
One of her services will be the purchase and resale of furniture. Besides making sure that local zoning permits retail sales to be made from her home office location, what must she obtain in order to resell goods?
a) corporate identification number and resale license
b) a sales tax license and local business license
c) a local business license, corporate identification number and resale license
d) a local business license and corporate identification number
d) a local business license and corporate identification number
Most local jurisdictions require every business, including professional services, to have a license. This allows the business to practice and usually serves as a basis for taxation.
Most states require that interior design firms selling goods obtain a sales tax license, sometimes called a resale license or certificate or transaction privilege tax license. This type of license allows the designer to pass on the state sales tax to the client. The design business must remit the tax monthly along with standard reporting forms.
Corporations are entities formed within the state where they practice and are required to be registered with the state. Corporations have corporate identification numbers issued by a state agency, typically the secretary of state’s office.
As it relates to the financial management of a design studio, direct labor is?
a) expenses incurred in order to keep a business operating
b) all labor not charged to a project or revenue producing account, such as administration, general office time and marketing
c) all labor of technical staff, principals, and support staff that is directly chargeable to projects
d) the expense of employee salaries plus the cost of mandatory and discretionary expenses and benefits such as payroll taxes, health insurance
c) all labor of technical staff, principals, and support staff that is directly chargeable to projects
An Interior Design business corporation…
a) is the most expensive business structure to set up.
b) taxes owners/shareholders on only the business income.
c) limit’s a partner’s monetary liability to the business.
d) is a temporary partnership for a single project.
a) is the most expensive business structure to set up.
Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Exam Guide, 3rd Edition ePDF, Business Formations, Corporations
Setting up a corporation is the most time-consuming and expensive method of legally forming a business.
The designer for the interior furnishings of a large public hospital project financed with bond money has assisted the city government in preparing the bidding documents.
When the bids from five qualified contractors are opened, they are all over budget, ranging from 4% to 10% over the approved costs. What should the designer do?
a) Suggest that the project be rebid because the lowest bid is so close to the budget.
b) Recommend that the city accept the lowest bid and obtain the extra 4% from other sources.
c) Begin to study ways to reduce the project scope so it meets the budget.
d) Wait for the city to tell the designer how it wants to proceed.
c) Begin to study ways to reduce the project scope so it meets the budget.
Because bond money is a fixed amount, the budget must be met. Rebidding takes additional time and does not guarantee that the new bids will be any better; in fact, they may be higher because prices will probably increase in the time it takes to rebid.
The designer may want to wait for direction from the city, but the project must go forward. The amounts of the bids are so close to the budget that it is likely that costs could be reduced by 4% with some adjustments in the scope of the project.
What is the BEST way for an interior designer to charge a building owner when the project requires space planning for tenants who lease building space and construction drawings that the building’s contractors will use to build out each space?
a) area fee
b) retail method
c) fixed fee
d) fixed fee plus percentage of FF&E
a) area fee
Area fee: professional fees based on the area method are determined by multiplying the square footage of a project by some fixed rate. This method is generally used only in commercial construction and then only for project types with which the interior designer has much experience.
Tenant finish planning is often priced on a square-foot basis because a designer will know what it takes to do the job and because tenants, building owners, and leasing agents do most of their negotiations on a square foot basis.
A residential interior designer operates and works out of a small retail boutique. Why can’t the business use cash accounting?
a) the designer’s business is not a sole proprietorship
b) the designer owns and does not lease the property
c) does not account for reporting of sales tax
d) the designer maintains an inventory
d) the designer maintains an inventory
In the cash accounting method, revenue and expenses are recognized in the period in which the firm actually receives the cash or actually pays the bills. Cash accounting is a single-entry system.
It is a lot like personal budgeting and records, and can be used by single person or small firms. Revenue is recognized only when the design firm receives the check from a client in payment for an invoice. However, it cannot be used by a corporation or if the business maintains an inventory, as would be the case in a retail store.
The interior designer is preparing bidding documents for a new project.
The project is in a building currently listed for sale. Which type of bond would be most important to prevent the project from interfering with any potential sale of the building?
a) Lien
b) Bid Bond
c) Labor and Materials Payment Bond
d) Performance Bond
c) Labor and Materials Payment Bond
Without having a Labor and Materials Payment Bond, the owner could risk liens against the building if the contractor defaults.
Liens can prevent the sale of a property until they are paid. Bid Security and Performance Bonds would not protect against liens. A Bid Bond is a form of Bid Security.
Although a performance bond ensures the completion of the contract, it does not guarantee payment for labor and materials by a defaulting contractor. The result of nonpayment could be liens against the property or litigation by subcontractors and material suppliers.”
When an interior designer estimates a set amount of money to cover a particular material or piece of equipment whose cost cannot be precisely determined at the time of bid or negotiated proposal they are providing?
a) an extrapolation
b) an allowance
c) a contingency
d) an alternate
b) an allowance
An allowance is a set amount of money estimated by the interior designer to cover a particular material or piece of equipment when the cost for that material or equipment cannot be determined precisely at the time of the bid or negotiated proposal.
For bidding, an allowance provides a way to allocate some amount of money for an item in the bid, even if the exact quantity or quality of the item is not known.
An interior designer has been hired to remodel an old fast food restaurant building into an upscale dining establishment with bar and live music.
During an initial interview, the client is very descriptive of the type of open layout, style, equipment, and furnishings they want. After hearing these comments, what should be the designer’s FIRST course of action?
a) Recommend to the client that field measurements of the building be conducted, and begin research on the client’s preferred style.
b) Suggest that the client also retain an architect to determine the feasibility of configuring the space, and removing some of the walls.
c) Ask the client to define what he means by “upscale” to give the designer a more definite idea of how to proceed.
d) Ask the client if he has a budget, and suggest conducting a preliminary cost estimate to see if he can afford what he wants.
d) Ask the client if he has a budget, and suggest conducting a preliminary cost estimate to see if he can afford what he wants.
In a case like this, a client is not as likely to have a good grasp of the costs required for remodeling and may not have enough of a budget to do the job as he wants to. This is the most important consideration and takes precedence over all other factors.
Which standards organization determines sound levels for mechanical systems in buildings?
a) ASHRAE
b) ANSI
c) OSHA
d) ASTM
a) ASHRAE
ASHRAE determines sound levels for mechanical systems in buildings. (american society of heating, refrigerating and air-conditioning engineers)
ansi - clearances etc
osha - safety on job sites
astm - testing materials
During the permitting process, who submits the drawings and specifications to the building department or AHJ?
a) interior designer
b) licensed contractor
c) project manager
d) owner
b) licensed contractor
The formal permitting process begins after the interior designer has completed the drawings and specifications. Those are given to the contractor, who has been selected through a bidding process or through negotiations.
In most situations, the application for a building permit is made by the general contractor. The contractor is the person typically responsible for submitting the plans and specifications to the building department, along with the application for a permit.
What is the first thing that the permit process requires?
a) Certificate of Occupancy
b) building inspection
c) application for permit
d) application for variance
c) application for permit
Permit process:
- permit applications - submite construciton documents as required to local jurisdiction
- plan review - construction documents reviewed by code official, may require revisions or appeal for approval
- permit - permits granted to allow costruction to begin
Which of the following is an example of soft costs?
a) Landscaping
b) Building permits
c) Carpeting
d) Drywall
b) Building permits
Hard costs are the costs of material and labor that go in the physical construction of real estate. These are sometimes referred to as “brick-and-mortar costs”.
MEP work including electrical and HVAC is physical part of the construction process and is considered a hard cost.
Finishes including flooring, and Drywall are physical parts of the construction process and are considered hard costs.
FF&E is a hard cost, though not typically under the construction contract, FF&E is a physical cost of the project.
Permits are soft costs associated with general and administrative costs of the project. Soft costs are typically fees associated with the project and are not physical costs, for example inspection fees, permits, taxes, and insurance. Soft costs can range from 15-40% of the project cost.
Which of these must be one hour fire rated?
a) Storage rooms 100 sq ft and greater (9.3 m2) adjoining a corridor
b) Storage rooms 75 sq ft (7 m2) or smaller
c) Storage rooms greater than 150 sq ft (13.9 m2)
d) Storage rooms up to 125 sq ft (11.6 m2)
a) Storage rooms 100 sq ft and greater (9.3 m2) adjoining a corridor
There is no longer a requirement for storage rooms to be fire-rated in 2018 IBC. If located as such, a storage room would require a fire-resistance rated partition for the wall adjoining the corridor.
1020.1 Construction. Corridors shall be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Table 1020.1. The corridor walls required to be fire-resistance rated shall comply with Section 708 for fire partitions.
Refer to the table 1020.1, this depends upon occupant load and sprinkler system.
The program that has been developed by BIFMA to address sustainability in the contract furniture industry is called the:
a) SMaRT (Sustainable Materials Rating Technology) Program
b) Furniture Sustainability Standard
c) Greenguard Product Guide
d) Energy Star Program
b) Furniture Sustainability Standard
Source: 9425, D.K.B.F.N. N. (2018). Interior Design Reference Manual: Everything You Need to Know to Pass the NCIDQ Exam., Sustainable Design, Product Certification, BIFMA International
BIFMA has also developed standard BIFMA e3, Furniture Sustainability Standard.
This standard establishes criteria in four areas:
energy and atmosphere
human and ecosystem health
materials
corporate social responsibility
Based on a point system by an accredited third party certifier (e.g., NSF International or Scientific Certification Systems), a product can achieve a level rating of 1, 2, or 3.
In a commercial space, which of the following spaces is exiting or egress not permitted through?
a) kitchens
b) storage rooms
c) closets
d) all of these
d) all of these
Source: 2018 International Building Code, 1016.2 Egress through intervening spaces.
According to IBC 1016.2, Egress is not permitted through intervening spaces, and per Exception #5, not through kitchens, storage rooms, closets, or spaces used for similar purposes.
Refer to the code for other exceptions you may encounter on the exam, including dwelling unit kitchens and conditions as applied to mercantile stockrooms.
The primary focus for water conservation in the home should be:
a) toilet water usage.
b) municipal water sources.
c) plumbing system leaks.
d) grey-water recycling.
a) toilet water usage.
The use of fresh water supplies by toilets should be the primary focus for water conservation in the home.
The path of egress travel can NOT pass through which of these areas?
a) catering kitchen at a banquet facility
b) hotel lobby
c) stockroom at department store
d) administrative area in insurance firm
a) catering kitchen at a banquet facility
1016.2 Egress through intervening spaces.
Egress through intervening spaces shall comply with this section.
- Exit access through an enclosed elevator lobby is permitted. Access to not less than one of the required exits shall be provided without travel through the enclosed elevator lobbies required by Section 3006. Where the path of exit access travel passes through an enclosed elevator lobby, the level of protection required for the enclosed elevator lobby is not required to be extended to the exit unless direct access to an exit is required by other sections of this code.
- Egress from a room or space shall not pass through adjoining or intervening rooms or areas, except where such adjoining rooms or areas and the area served are accessory to one or the other, are not a Group H occupancy and provide a discernible path of egress travel to an exit.
Exception: Means of egress are not prohibited through adjoining or intervening rooms or spaces in a Group H, S or F occupancy where the adjoining or intervening rooms or spaces are the same or a lesser hazard occupancy group.
- An exit access shall not pass through a room that can be locked to prevent egress.
- Means of egress from dwelling units or sleeping areas shall not lead through other sleeping areas, toilet rooms or bathrooms.
- Egress shall not pass through kitchens, storage rooms, closets or spaces used for similar purposes.
See code for further exceptions.
We’ve had some great discussion in the study group about this item.
“When designing retail spaces depending on local code we are able to have an egress through the stock room as long as there is a delineated path that meets the required width for egress. There are also some codes that even allow shelving on the walls above certain heights.
Other times we have been required to have a partial height or full height wall separating stock and egress.”
Micheala Harris, NCIDQ
Qpractice Team and retail designer
“When I started my career, a fire marshal was kind enough to explain this to me:
Yes, you can do emergency egress thru a stock room, as long as, and Micheala explained this, there is a delineated path and you provide all other width and head clearances…
A kitchen is NOT a safe egress path. Why? Hot surfaces, open flames, heat, slippery floors, items on counters that if knocked will make the floor even more slippery. There is too much risk.”
When working in a tenant space, which does NOT require a fire rated partition?
a) partitions along the public corridors
b) a 75 sq ft (7.5 m2) storage room
c) the demising partitions between tenant spaces
d) partitions that demise the 800 sq ft (74.3 m2) training room
b) a 75 sq ft (7.5 m2) storage room
There is no longer a requirement for storage rooms to be fire rated in 2018 IBC.
1020.1 Construction. Corridors shall be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Table 1020.1. The corridor walls required to be fire-resistance rated shall comply with Section 708 for fire partitions.
Refer to the table 1020.1, this depends upon occupant load and sprinkler system.
Which color does OSHA require for fire alarm pull boxes, fire extinguishers, and audible or visual fire alarms?
a) Green
b) Orange
c) Red
d) Yellow
c) Red
Source: Occupational Safety and Health Standards, 1910.44 General Environmental Controls, Safety color code for marking physical hazards.
Life safety equipment must be red, including pull stations, alarm boxes, and most portable fire extinguishers. Red is universally recognized for identifying the most serious hazards, as well as fire hazards and fire equipment.
Orange identifies dangerous machines or equipment that may crush, cut, shock, or injure workers, such as electrical hazards or a construction area.
Yellow is a color for communicating hazards that may lead to worker injuries if not avoided, such as caution signs on a wet floor.
Green is reserved for general safety signs, which offer safety-related messages that don’t touch on specific workplace hazards, such as pointing out a first aid kit.
OSHA and Safety Colors
OSHA outlines requirements for safety colors in its standard for safety color codes (29 CFR 1910.144).
Red must be used for fire-related hazards and emergency stop switches, bars, and buttons on hazardous machines. Fire-related hazards include identifying fire protection equipment and containers of flammable liquids.
The interior designer should be aware of what these colors mean and consider whether these colors are visible as appropriate within the designed environment.
The following scenarios require a minimum 42” high guard with the exception of:
a) 48” raised platform at local theater
b) open–sided corridor adjacent to hotel atrium
c) 48” long ramp and doctor’s office entry
d) restaurant mezzanine overlooking first floor
a) 48” raised platform at local theater
Guards would not be required according to IBC 2018 1015.2, Exception 2.
1015.2 Where required.
Guards shall be located along open-sided walking surfaces, including mezzanines, equipment platforms, aisles, stairs, ramps and landings that are located more than 30 inches (762 mm) measured vertically to the floor or grade below at any point within 36 inches(914mm) horizontally to the edge of the open side. Guards shall be adequate in strength and attachment in accordance with Section 1607.8.
Exception: Guards are not required for the following locations:
- On the loading side of loading docks or piers.
- On the audience side of stages and raised platforms, including stairs leading up to the stage and raised platforms.
- On raised stage and platform floor areas, such as runways, ramps and side stages used for entertainment or presentations.
- At vertical openings in the performance area of stages and platforms.
- At elevated walking surfaces appurtenant to stages and platforms for access to and utilization of special lighting or equipment.
- Along vehicle service pits not accessible to the public.
- In assembly seating areas at cross aisles in accordance with Section 1029.17.2.
See also:
1015.2.1 Glazing.
1015.3 Height.
Glazing in fire rated partitions, doors or sidelights may not exceed how many sq in/cm²:
a) 225 sq in (1451 cm²)
b) 240 sq in (1548 cm²)
c) 150 sq in (968 cm²)
d) 100 sq in (610 cm²)
d) 100 sq in (610 cm²)
Source: 2018 International Building Code, SECTION 716 OPENING PROTECTIVES
Interior designers will deal with partitions from non-rated to 2-hour fire-resistance rated. The amount of glazing allowed depends upon the rating of the partition. Refer to the table 716.1(2)
Glazing in fire rated partitions, doors or sidelights rated up to 2-hours may not exceed 100 sq. in. [610 cm²].
716.1 General. Opening protectives required by other sections of the code shall comply with the provisions of this section and shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80.
X Academy is considered a mixed-use occupancy that occupies a 4,200 sq.ft. space on the sixth floor of a 10-story office tower.
It is primarily made up of 3,000 sq. ft. of Office Space but also has a 1,200 sq. ft. Training Classroom with tables and chairs for pre-college entry exam tutoring.
Utilizing IBC 1004.5 MAXIMUM FLOOR AREA ALLOWANCES PER OCCUPANT, what is the total occupant load for Company ‘X’?
a) 110
b) 42
c) 80
d) 54
c) 80
Source: 2018 International Building Code, CHAPTER 3 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION AND USE
To calculate the total occupant load, occupant loads for both spaces need to be added together.
The office is considered a business area and has an occupant load factor of 150 sq.ft., therefore:
Office (business area): 3,000 sq.ft./150 sq. ft =20 occupants
Because the training classroom primarily serves children through the 12th grade, it is considered an educational occupancy, not an unconcentrated assembly area, even though it was stated there are tables & chairs. It has an occupant load factor of 20 sq.ft., therefore: Training room (classroom): 1,200 sq.ft./20 sq. ft. = 60 occupants.
Therefore: TOTAL Occupant Load = 20+60 = 80 occupants
305.1 Educational Group E. (2018 International Building Code)
Educational Group E occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, by six or more persons at any one time for educational purposes through the 12th grade.
Suppose multiple spaces will be exiting into a common area or converging into a common path of travel. In that case, the codes require that the occupant load for the shared area be determined by adding the number of occupants who will share a common path to an exit. These methods can be used to determine the number of people who will be using the corridors, stairs, and exits in the event of a fire:
To determine the occupant load for a building or space, divide the interior space area by the load factor for the appropriate building type and use.
If the space or building has more than one type of use, the same is done for each area according to its use and added together. This provides the number of occupants allowed for the space.
If the total results in a fraction over half of an occupant, round up to the nearest whole number. Depending on the project, calculations for separate areas and separate occupancies may also need to be made and added together. The final occupant load indicates the number of occupants for which the space must be designed.
Which is true about permanent tactile signage?
a) the mounting height of the base-line of the lowest tactile character must be 48” (810mm) maximum and 60” minimum to the baseline of the highest tactile character
b) there must be a minimum clear floor space of 24” x 18” (605 mm x 455 mm) centered on the tactile characters and beyond the arc of the door swing
c) will be mounted on the wall adjacent to the latch side of the door, so that there is a minimum clear floor space of 18” x 18” (455 mm x 455 mm) centered on the tactile characters beyond the arc of the door swing
d) when there is no wall space to the latch side of the door, including double-leaf doors, the sign must be placed to the left of the right hand door
c) will be mounted on the wall adjacent to the latch side of the door, so that there is a minimum clear floor space of 18” x 18” (455 mm x 455 mm) centered on the tactile characters beyond the arc of the door swing
Source: 2009 ICC A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, 703 Signs
Refer to A117.1 703.3.11 Location, and 2009 ICC A117.1 – FIG. 703.3.11 LOCATION OF SIGNS AT DOORS
similar to:
ADA 703.4.2 Location. Where a tactile sign is provided at a door, the sign shall be located alongside the door at the latch side. Where a tactile sign is provided at double doors with one active leaf, the sign shall be located on the inactive leaf. Where a tactile sign is provided at double doors with two active leafs, the sign shall be located to the right of the right hand door. Where there is no wall space at the latch side of a single door or at the right side of double doors, signs shall be located on the nearest adjacent wall. Signs containing tactile characters shall be located so that a clear floor space of 18 inches (455 mm) minimum by 18 inches (455 mm) minimum, centered on the tactile characters, is provided beyond the arc of any door swing between the closed position and 45 degree open position.
EXCEPTION: Signs with tactile characters shall be permitted on the push side of doors with closers and without hold-open devices.
Fire extinguishers must be no more than how many feet/meters from the furthest occupant?
a) 125’ (38 m)
b) 100’ (30.5 m)
c) 75’ (23 m)
d) 50’ (15 m)
c) 75’ (23 m)
Source: 2018 International Building Code, 906.3 Size and distribution.
Fire extinguishers are located according to their rating, the presence of flammable liquids and the maximum distance is no more than 75’ [15 m] from the furthest occupant. Refer to the table 906.3(1)
906.3 Size and distribution. The size and distribution of portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with Sections 906.3.1 through 906.3.4.
The Room Corner Test or NFPA 265/UL 1715 typical addresses what fabric situation?
a) To see how a product will smolder before either flaming or extinguishing an actual smoldering cigarette as the ignition source.
b) Specifically when napped, tufted, or looped textiles are used as “wallcoverings” on walls and ceilings.
c) Vertical treatments such as curtains, draperies, window shades, large wall hangings or tapestries, and plastic films used for decorative purposes.
d) Determining both the flame spread and smoke development ratings in the classification of interior finishes applied to walls, ceilings, and other structural elements.
b) Specifically when napped, tufted, or looped textiles are used as “wallcoverings” on walls and ceilings.
Source: Harmon, K.E.K.S. K. (2018). The Codes Guidebook for Interiors., Finish and Furniture Selections, Standards and Testing, Room Corner Tests, Textile Wallcoverings
The most current Room Corner Test standards for textile wallcoverings include:
NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Coverings on Full Height Panels and Walls
UL 1715, Fire Test of Interior Finish Material
The Vertical Flame Test– NFPA 701/ASTM6413 tests vertical treatments such as curtains, draperies, window shades, large wall hangings or tapestries, and plastic films used for decorative purposes.
The Smolder Resistance Test or Cigarette Ignition Test – NFPA 260/ASTM E1353/CAL 117 tests how a product will smolder before either flaming or extinguishing an actual smoldering cigarette as the ignition source.
The Steiner Tunnel Test – ASTM E84/UL 723 tests both the flame spread and smoke development ratings in the classification of interior finishes applied to walls, ceilings, and other structural elements.
The US Department of Energy (DOE) and the Canadian Model National Energy Code for Buildings (MNECB) have established what standard as the required minimums for building energy efficiency in regards to lighting power density?
a) ASTM E1678
b) ASHRAE 90.1
c) ASHRAE 189.1
d) NFPA 90.1
b) ASHRAE 90.1
Source: Harmon, K.E.K.S. K. (2018). The Codes Guidebook for Interiors., About the Codes, Federal Regulations, Energy Policy Act
The current National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings (NECB 2015) … [provides for] … maximum allowable lighting power densities, which are harmonized with those of ASHRAE 90.1-2013.
The Energy Policy Act (EPAct) was enacted by the United States federal government in 1992 to promote energy efficiency and conservation. Among other things, it amended the requirement of the Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA), which mandated the use of the 1989 edition of ASHRAE/IES 90.1, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low‐Rise Residential Buildings, as the minimum standard for new commercial and high‐rise residential buildings and 1992 Model Energy Code (MEC) as the minimum standard for new residential buildings. The MEC was replaced by the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) in 1998.
The EPAct requires the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to review each successive edition of the ASHRAE/IES 90.1 and the IECC for consideration. If the DOE determines that the new edition of the standard will create greater energy efficiency, it must update to the new standard.
In 2011, the 2010 edition of the ASHRAE 90.1 became the standard, and in 2016, it was again updated to use the 2013 edition of the ASHRAE 90.1. The 2016 edition will be reviewed.
The DOE must declare within 12 months whether the new standard will be used. After each update, states have two years to establish energy codes that are equivalent to the current standard. The EPAct also requires federal buildings to meet or exceed the required standard.
The minimum number of toilet fixtures required for an interior design remodeling is determined by occupant load and:
a) occupancy group
b) square footage
c) accessibility requirements
d) building type
a) occupancy group
Source: 2018 International Plumbing Code, SECTION 403 MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
The International Plumbing Code and similar model codes base toilet fixture requirements on the basic use or occupancy of the building.
403.1 Minimum number of fixtures
Plumbing fixtures shall be provided in the minimum number as shown in Table 403.1, based upon the actual use of the building or space…
What organization develops standards related to the commercial furniture industry?
a) ICC
b) OSHA
c) BIFMA
d) ANSI
c) BIFMA
Source: 9425, D.K.B.F.N. N. (2018). Interior Design Reference Manual: Everything You Need to Know to Pass the NCIDQ Exam., Furniture and Furnishings Documents and Procurement, Furniture and Furnishings Standards
Many of the standards for commercial office furniture have been promoted by the Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association (BIFMA). The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has approved these standards.
See also the Study Group poll post for more discussion on this item.
ICC - international code council
OSHA - safety on job sites
ANSI - clearances
Critical Radiant Flux refers to:
a) ASTM E-648/NFPA253 measures a horizontal floor covering’s ability to resist supporting a flame, assigning a rating of Class I or II.
b) A wall covering’s ability to maintain or increase radiant heat insulation in a space.
c) A measurement of the contribution to flame spread of draperies or other window treatments.
d) ASTM E-648/NFPA253 measures upholstered furniture’s critical resistance to ignition by a smoldering cigarette.
a) ASTM E-648/NFPA253 measures a horizontal floor covering’s ability to resist supporting a flame, assigning a rating of Class I or II.
Source: Qpractice NCIDQ Glossary, ASTM E648 (NFPA 253)
Critical Radiant Flux can be defined as the minimum radiant energy a fire needs to sustain flame propagation.
NFPA 253 is a standard presents a method for evaluating critical radiant flux of floor coverings in corridors or exits, thus providing a basis for estimating one aspect of the fire exposure behavior of floor covering systems.
This fire test response standard describes a procedure for measuring the critical radiant flux of horizontally mounted floor covering systems exposed to a flaming ignition source in a graded, radiant heat energy environment within a test chamber.
Which is used to determine the number of exits required in a space?
a) occupant load
b) maximum travel distance
c) type of building construction
d) if building is sprinklered or non sprinklered
a) occupant load
The number of exits or exit access doorways required for a space, a group of spaces or an entire building is determined by several factors.
The ones that most often appear on the exam are the occupant load and occupancy classification of a space, the limitations on the common path of egress travel and specific requirements when large occupant loads are encountered.
Lighting levels and energy power budgets are set by International Building Codes and other standards, these Codes provide power-level criteria based upon the use of the building.
For office buildings, the overall building is allowed to use how many watts per square foot to power the interior lighting for the entire building?
a) .81
b) .79
c) 1.18
d) 1.05
b) .79
Source: 2018 International Energy Conservation Code, Chapter 4 Commercial Energy Efficiency, Interior Lighting Power Allowances: Building Area Method
IECC and ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 require lighting power density (LPD) calculations. This applies to:
Lighting powered by a building’s electrical service – can include interior, exterior and site lighting
Nonresidential buildings greater than three stories, includes multi-family residential buildings
Applies to new construction and major renovation, tenant fit-outs of existing buildings, additions to buildings, and retrofits of existing lighting systems
The code prescribes limits for installed power (in watts/sq. ft.) and mandates functional requirements for lighting controls. Requirements vary by application (e.g., office, retail sales area, warehouse, classroom, patient room, etc.)
Both include tables with lighting power density (LPD) values for a whole building — Building Area Method (BAM) or in specific spaces, Space-by-Space Method and set the LPD or maximum wattage per square foot (square meter) allowed.
Although the energy codes and standards required for electrical systems will typically be incorporated into the design by an electrical engineer, the choice of light fixtures, appliances, and distribution of electrical outlets by the interior designer can affect the building’s energy efficiency. To meet the code, the sum of all interior lighting power cannot exceed the determined wattage allowance. This affects the type and quantity of light fixtures included in the design.
Because this question asks for the overall building “how many watts per square foot to power the interior lighting for the entire building?”, use the “Interior Lighting Power Allowances, Building Area Method” value for Office of 0.79 watts per square foot.
Which of the following covers labeling programs and specifies the procedures and principles that third-party certifiers or ecolabelers must follow?
a) ASHRAE Standard 62
b) ISO 14020
c) ISO14024
d) ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1
c) ISO14024
Source: International Organization for Standardization, ISO 14000 FAMILY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ISO (International Standards Organization) is an independent, non-governmental international organization with a membership of 164 national standards bodies.
ISO14020 describes a set of guiding principles for the development and use of environmental labels and declarations by any practitioner of environmental labeling. It is intended that other applicable standards in the ISO 14020 series be used in conjunction with this International Standard.
Other International Standards in the series are intended to be consistent with the principles set forth in this International Standard. Other standards currently in the ISO 14020 series are ISO 14021, ISO 14024 and ISO/TR 14025
ISO 14024:2018 establishes the principles and procedures for developing Type I environmental labelling programmes that third-party certifiers, or ecolabelers, must follow.
This includes the selection of product categories, product environmental criteria and product function characteristics, and for assessing and demonstrating compliance, and certification procedures for awarding the label.
ASHRAE is the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
ASHRAE 62 is the specific standard for ventilation for ensuring acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ).
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 is the specific Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
How much does a typical building permit cost?
a) Set fee for any type
b) Fee based on square footage
c) No fee, covered by inspections
d) $1,000.00
b) Fee based on square footage
Source: 2018 International Building Code, Chapter 1, Scope and Administration, 109.3 Building permit valuations.
The code uses the concept of valuation to establish the permit fee.
This concept is based on the proposition that the valuation of a project is related to the amount of work to be expended in the various aspects of administering the permit.
The only possible correct answer is “Fee based on square footage” based on the other given choices:
“No fee, covered by inspections” is incorrect — there’s always a fee.
“$4,000.00” (or any number) is incorrect. There is no single price for a fee for a building permit; it is based on other information about the project.
“Set fee for any type” is also incorrect.
These answers are incorrect because the fee can vary depending on the project size and type, for example, new construction or selected remodel.
For example, a permit for just plumbing would be a different cost than a full 3-floor renovation. Also, the building permit fees will vary based upon locale too.
And remember, there is always a fee for a building permit, no matter what the work entails.
So “Fee based on square footage” is the best answer of those given in the options.
Refer to the lesson Permit Requirements
