Qmax Physio/ Embryo

Question 2

What’s the function of astrocytes and microglia

Answer 2

Astrocyte: support, repair, remove neurotransmitter, BBB Microglia: phagocytosis

Question 3

Hormones- cAMP

Answer 3

FSH LH ACTH TSH CRH ADH PTH hCG calcitonin glucagon GHRH

Question 4

Hormones- cGMP

Answer 4

BNP ANP

Question 5

Hormones-Gq

Answer 5

GnRH ADH gastrin TRH Angiotensin II

Question 6

Hormones-intercellular

Answer 6

Sex cortisol aldosterone thyroxine VitD

Question 7

Hormones- tyrosine kinase

Answer 7

IGF-1 FGF PDGF EGF Insulin

Question 8

Very long chain FA is breakdown in?

Answer 8

Peroxisome

Question 9

What are they -Microfold cells -Tuft cells -Paneth cells

Answer 9

Microfold cells: target of Shigella, gut-associated lymphoid tissue of Peyer patch Tuft cells: chemosensory cells Paneth cells: in the crypts of Lieberkuhn, secret defending substances

Question 10

What’s the function of the nodes of Ranvier

Answer 10

High concentration of sodium channels

Question 11

1st pharyngeal arch 2nd pharyngeal arch 3rd pharyngeal arch 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch

Answer 11

1st: Maxillary, Mandible, Muscles of mastication, CN V3 chew 2nd: Stapedius, Stylohyoid, Facial expression muscle, CN VII (smile) 3rd: Great horn of hyoid, Stylopharyngeus, CN IX 4th: Most pharyngeal constrictors, Cricothyroid, CN X (superior branch-swallow) 6th: All intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid, CN X (recurrent, inferior-speak) 4 and 6th: Arytenoids,Cricoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform, Thyroid

Question 12

Aortic arch derivatives

Answer 12

1st arch is maximal Second=stapedial C (common carotid) is 3rd letter of alphabet 4th arch (4 limbs)=systemic 6th arch = pulmonary and ductus arteriosus

Question 13

Fetal development time point 2wks 3wks 4wks 6wks 8wks

Answer 13

2wks: Bilaminar disc develops 3wks: Trilaminar embryonic disc 4wks: Neural tube 6wks: Lower limb, finger, ear, and eye 8wks: Fetal movements

Question 14

Male genital structure develop from?

Answer 14

Mesonephric duct: BEEDS: trigone of the Bladder, Epididymis, Ejaculatory duct, Ductus deferens, Seminal vesicles

Question 15

Microglia develop from?

Answer 15

Mesoderm

Question 16

Pharyngeal pouch derivatives

Answer 16

Ear, tonsils, bottom-to-top: 1(ear:endoderm-lined structures of ear), 2(tonsils), 3 dorsal(bottom for inferior parathyroids), 3 ventral (to=thymus), 4 (top=superior parathyroids, ventral= C cells)

Question 17

Penis unclosed: Dorsal? Ventral?

Answer 17

Dorsal: epispadias to bladder exstrophy Ventral: hypospadias (urogenital folds)

Question 18

Horseshoe kidney is because of ? blocking migration?

Answer 18

IMA

Question 19

CYP21A2 mutation

Answer 19

deficiency of 21-hydroxylase, the most common type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 20

CGG trinucleotide repeat

Answer 20

Fragile X:elongated facies with protruding ears, low muscle tone, and macro-orchidism, with varying degrees of intellectual disability

Question 21

Neural crest cells derive

Answer 21

Enterochromaffincells, Leptomeninges(arachnoid, pia), Melanocytes, Odontoblasts, PNS ganglia (cranial, dorsal root, autonomic), Adrenal medulla, Schwann cells, Spiral membrane, Endocardial cushions( & mesoderm), Skullbones

Question 22

Female genital structures are derived from

Answer 22

Paramesonephric duct: fallopian tubes, uterus, upper portionof vagina (lower portion from urogenital sinus). Male remnant is appendix testis

Question 23

Epidermal layers?

Answer 23

come,let’s get sun burned L is only exist in palmoplantar (glabrous) skin

Question 24

Iron is absorbed at

Answer 24

The absorption of most dietary iron occurs in the duodenum and proximal jejunum and depends heavily on the physical state of the iron atom.

Question 25

Sertoli cells where? secrete?

Answer 25

• inside tubule (Leydig is outside, testosterone) -anti-Müllerian hormone