Qbank Week 6.0

Question 1

How do glucocorticoids affect the liver?

Answer 1

• Potent stimulators of liver gluconeogenesis: PEP carboxykinase and G6P-ase.
• They also increase glycogenesis: incr production of glycogen synthetase (increases body’s glycogen reserve in times of stress).
• Therefore they promote an incr in liver protein synth.

Question 2

Which bacteria causes gray pharyngeal exudate and neck swelling? What is the treatment?

Answer 2

C. diphtheriae.

• Acute infection of naso/oropharynx causes pseudomembranous pharyngitis.
• AB exotoxin is specific for neural and CV tissue–can cause CNS and CV sequelae. MCC death is cardiomyopathy.
• The toxin ribosylates and deactivates EF2 (inhibits human protein synthesis).
• S/S: sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, upper airway dyspnea, odynophagia.
• Tx: diphtheria antitoxin (passive immunization), PCN or erythromycin, DPT vaccine.

Question 3

What is the LT sequelae of hydrocephalus in infants?

Answer 3

• Lower extremity spasticity due to stretching of the periventricular pyramidal tracts, visual disturbances, and learning diabilities.
• *Hydrocephalus in infant presents as: irritability, poor feeding, incr head circumference, enlarged ventricles.

Question 4

Where is rRNA made in the cell?

Answer 4

The nucleolus.

Question 5

Why is Cl- in erythrocytes much lower in arterial blood than venous blood?

Answer 5

• Chloride shift.
• Carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes form bicarb from CO2 and water. As bicarb diffuse out of RBC in plasma, Cl- diffuses into RBC to maintain neutrality. This is why RBC Cl- content is so high in venous blood.

Question 6

Which anticonvulsant metabolizes into phenobarbital?

Answer 6

• Primidone.
• Narrow-spectrum anticonvulsant, first line for benign essential tremor.
• Active metabolites = phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide.
• SE: sedation.

Question 7

How do fatty oxidation inhibitors benefit patients with stable angina?

Answer 7

FA oxidation inhibitors block FA oxidation and shift energy production to glucose oxidation, promoting oxygen efficiency. This decreases the amount of oxygen needed to support cardiac function and decreases potentially toxic FA metabolite production.
***FA oxidation results in more ATP production, but it requires more oxygen use!

Question 8

What kind of drug would improve the sx of Grave’s ophthalmopathy?

Answer 8

High-dose glucocorticoids (prednisone) decrease inflammation and extraocular volume. Normal anti-thyroid drugs do not improve these sx!