Q6: Mods 48, 49, 50, 51 Flashcards
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
anxiety disorders
when a person is, for no obvious reason, continually tense and uneasy
generalized anxiety disorder
when a person experiences panic attacks- sudden episodes of intense dread- and fears the next attack
panic disorder
when a person is intensely and irrationally afraid of something
specific phobias
fear or avoidance of public situations from which escape might be difficult
agoraphobia
who has at least a doubled risk of panic disorder and greater symptoms when they do have an attack?
Smokers, because nicotine is a stimulant
not linked to a specific stressor or threat
free-floating (Freud)
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both
OCD
cluttering one’s space with acquired possessions one can’t part with
hoarding disorder
preoccupation with perceived body defects
body dysmorphic disorder
hair-pulling disorder
trichotillomania
skin picking disorder
excoriation
a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance of trauma related stimuli, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4 weeks or more after a traumatic experience
PTSD
who is more at risk for PTSD?
twins, women, and people with higher distress
distressing symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical causes
somatic symptom disorder
a disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly hypochondriasis)
illness anxiety disorder
what did researchers do to understand the link between learning and anxiety?
They gave lab rats unpredictable electric shocks. The rats, like assault victims who report feeling anxious when returning to the scene of the crime, then become uneasy in their lab environment. Likewise, anxious or traumatized people learn to associate their anxiety with certain cues.
when a person experiences a fear-provoking event and later develops a fear of similar events
stimulus generalization
helps maintain learned fears and anxieties
reinforcement
what influences our feelings of anxiety?
conditioning, thoughts, memories, interpretations, and expectations
How did Susan Mineka experiment on if fear is learned through observation?
she experimented with 6 monkeys in the wild (all strongly fearful of snakes) and their lab-raised offspring (not afraid). After repeatedly observing their parents/peers refusing to reach for food in the presence of a snake, the young monkeys developed a similar strong fear that persisted when retested 3 months later.
Does fearfulness run in families?
yes, some influence disorders by regulating brain levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin (sleep, mood, attending to threats) and glutamate, (heightens activity in the brain’s alarm centers)
people who experience hopelessness lasting several weeks or months
major depressive disorder
similar to major depressive disorder, but with milder depressive symptoms that last two years or more
persistent depressive disorder
