Q3: Science Quiz #1 Flashcards
Explain what the Respiratory System is.
Groups of organs that provide oxygen to the cells of our body.
Describe the functions of the Respiratory System
- Helps expel CO2 from our bodies.
- Regulates balance of the acid and base of body tissues.
- protects our body against microorganisms carrying diseases by clearing the air passage way.
- helps in production of sounds, and house cell that detect smell.
Explain Cellular Respiration
Series of chemical reactions to break down glucose to produce Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Explain the Nose
> Structure made of bones,
cartilage, muscles and skin
in front of the nasal cavity.
> Includes nostrils, lined up with small hair which somewhat helps filter contaminants like dust, pathogens, etc. before they reach the lungs.
Functions of the Nasal Cavity
To purify, moisten and warm the air before it reaches the lungs
> a hollow space located above, and behind the nose
> Why does the air need to be warm?
- Cold air is harmful for our bodies.
Explain epithelial cells
Walls lined with a protective mucous membrane composed of closely packed cells
> each cell has a cilia, a hair like extension which purifies the air
Simple Terms:
These insides have a special slimy layer, like a protective coating. This slimy layer is made up of tiny cells that are packed close together, like a tightly knit wall. This special slimy wall helps protect and keep things safe inside.
Explain the Oral Cavity
> AKA The mouth
Can act as a replacement for the Nasal Cavity.
does NOT moisten the air that enters the lungs. does not have hair, or protective mucus.
What is the Pharynx
AKA the throat, the Pharynx serves two systems, the respiratory system and the digestive system.
> In the respiratory, it conducts air from the nasal cavity
> in the digestive, it receives food through the mouth and passed to the esophagus.
Give the 3 main regions of the Pharynx.
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What is the larynx?
Also known as a voice box, is what makes us able to sing or speak.
What is the purpose of a trachea?
The purpose of a trachea to allow inspired and expired air inside, and outside of the lung.
What is the bronchi?
It delivers air to the left and right lungs
What is bronchioles
It delivers air from the bronchi to the alveoli.
it controls the amount of air that enters the lungs.
What is the Alveoli?
It is where gas exchange occurs inside the body.
What is gas exchange?
When oxygen from the lungs move to the blood stream. At the same time, carbon dioxide passed from blood to lungs.
What are the main functions of the Circulatory system?
responsible for the flow of:
blood cells
carbon dioxide
hormones
nutrients and dissolved gases
What is the circulatory system
a closed network of organs and blood cells responsible for the flow of certain things
What is homeostasis?
A state wherein the body is able to maintain a constant internal environment.
What is the atrium?
The atrium is a chamber in the heart that receives blood through veins.
What are ventricles?
Ventricles is the part that pumps blood to various parts of the body
What do valves prevent?
Valves prevent backflow
Three types of blood vessels?
Ateries
Veins
Capillaries
What is blood pressure?
The pressure of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries
What is blood plasma?
The liquid that is a part of the blood.
What are the blood cells?
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
What do RBCs do?
They carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What do WBCs do?
Protect the body from foreign objects.
What are Platelets?
Platelets are not true cells, their structure enables them to stop bleeding if vessels are damaged.
What are blood groups?
The differences in human blood, for example, some may be blood type O while others are blood type B
How many types of blood are there?
There are 4 types of blood.
What are 3 effects of smoking for the respiratory system?
> Increased chances of lung infection
> Permanent damage to air sacs
> Reduced lung function
What are 3 effects of smoking for the circulatory system?
> Increased of blood pressure and heart rate
> Reduced amount of oxygen carried in blood
> Increased risk of heart attack
What is Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?
Lung conditions that block the airways making it difficult to breathe. This is a disease caused by cigarettes
What is Chronic Bronchitis
A form of COPD where lungs get inflamed, and are filled with mucus
What is Emphysema?
A type of lung disease that causes shortness of breath / breathless
What is the Coronary disease?
A disease wherein plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries
Define Atherosclerosis
a build up of plaque in the arteries
What is genotype?
An organism’s genetic information
What is a phenotype?
An organism’s physical appearance or observable traits
Tell me the difference with Homozygous and Heterozygous
Homozygous is when you have two versions of the gene for example bb BB
Heterozygous is when you have two different versions of the gene for example, Bb, bB
Define Incomplete Dominance
This is when neither traits are dominant.
Example: Lets say we have a black and white cow, they will have an offspring of a mixed black and white cow, it won’t be completely white, nor black.
Explain Heredity
Information passed on from generation to generation with genes
