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Capstone > Q3 - LT#1 > Flashcards

Q3 - LT#1 Flashcards

1
Q

Provide solutions to things that are unknown.

A

research

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2
Q

Bridge gaps in knowledge

A

research

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3
Q

improve the way that professionals work and the quality of life

A

research

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4
Q

must always be of high quality in order to produce knowledge that is applicable to the outside of the research setting.

A

research

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5
Q

May refer to a question or issue observed in your
surroundings that need to be addressed to look for a solution.

A

research problem

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6
Q

three ways of stating the rs problem

A
  1. Problem Statement
  2. Research Objectives
  3. Research Problem
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7
Q

Means that observations or data needed to answer the problem can be collected from the real-world setting.

A

researchable

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8
Q

Socially relevant and worth investigating.

A

theoretically and practically relevant

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9
Q

Bear these questions:
01. How might answers to this research question advance in my field of study?
02. How might answers to this research question improve practices in my
field of study?
03. How might answers to this research question improve human condition?

A

significant

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10
Q

There is no use in wasting time and energy in solving a research problem that has been thoroughly studied by other researchers

A

original/novel

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11
Q

Research objectives must be clear and practically manageable.

A

specific

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12
Q

Can be executed based on the given finances,
availability of needed materials and equipment, manpower, and time to complete the study

A

feasible

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13
Q

Researchers observe practices within the confines of acceptable ways of doing research.

A

ethical

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14
Q

Also known as Review of Related Literature.

A

literature review

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15
Q

process in scientific research that involves the gathering of information from multiple sources.

A

literature review

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16
Q

importance of constructing literature review

A
  1. Convey your reader the current state of research in the field.
  2. Identify previous research the gap which a new research question can address.
  3. Identify potential hypothesis and research methods of your research.
  4. Gives evidence and justify the value and need for your research.
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17
Q

factors considered in selecting and critiquing sources

A
  1. Authorship credentials
  2. Publisher credentials
  3. Timely
  4. Well-referenced
  5. Objective
  6. Properly Documented
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18
Q

EATON’S HIERARCHY OF SOURCES

A
  1. Most Respected (80%)
    Scopus-indexed journals
    Government documents and policy papers
    OECD, UNESCO, etc.
  2. OK to use in moderation (< 20%)
    Publications from universities
    White papers
    Conference proceedings
  3. Use Sparingly (<5%)
    CNN, Reuters
    Credible Websites
  4. Avoid Altogether
    Articles from predatory journals
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19
Q

factors that must be considered in choosing references

A

Accuracy, Authority, Objectivity, Currency, Coverage

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20
Q

Is the Information reliable?
Is the information error-free?
Is the information based on proven standards?
Can the information be verified against other
reliable sources?

A

Accuracy

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21
Q

Who is the author?
Do they have the qualifications to speak/write
on the topic?
Is the author affiliated with a reputable
university or organization in the subject field?

A

Authority

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22
Q

What is the intended purpose of the
information?
Is the information facts or opinions?
Is the information biased?

A

Objectivity

23
Q

When was the information published?
Is the information current or out-dated?
Does currency matter in the topic?

A

Currency

24
Q

Does the information covered meet your
information needs?
Does it provide basic or in-depth coverage?

A

Coverage

25
Q

Literature Review Process

A
  1. Select the topic
  2. Identify the most relevant sources.
  3. Search and Refine
  4. Read and Analyze
  5. Write the Review
26
Q

importance of literature review

A
  1. Convey the current state of the research in the field.
  2. Identify gap which a new research hypothesis or questions
27
Q

four evaluation criteria that a hypothesis must meet

A
  1. It must state an expected relationship between variables.
  2. It must be testable and falsifiable; researchers must be able
    to test whether a hypothesis is truth or false.
  3. It should be consistent with the existing body of knowledge.
  4. It should be stated as simply and concisely as possible.
28
Q

Refers to chemicals, materials, and substances that can have
a detrimental effect on one’s health

A

chemical hazards

29
Q

These are chemicals that can cause damage
to exposed materials. Many can even damage
human tissue upon exposer.
Ex: Nitric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid

A

corrosives

30
Q

These are chemicals that can cause cancers
in humans.
Ex. Ethidium Bromine, Asbestos, Benzene

A

carcinogens

31
Q

These are chemicals that can easily catch fire.
Ex. Ethanol, Kerosene, Acetone

A

flammable materials

32
Q

These are chemicals that are toxic to human
tissues.
Ex. Arsenic, Heavy metals, Chlorine gas

A

toxic

33
Q

Chemical Hazards

A

Health:
Acute Toxicity
Skin Corrosion
Skin Irritation
CMR, STOT, Aspiration Hazard
Environmental
Hazardous to Aquatic Environment

34
Q

Commonly used in laboratories and field settings.

A

physical hazard

35
Q

physical hazard symbols

A

Explosives, flammable liquids, oxidizing liquids, compressed gases, corrosive to metals

36
Q

produce high heat and pressure to destroy microorganisms in
laboratory materials.

A

autoclaves

37
Q

Refers to the equipment, steps, and technique to ensure no threat

A

biosafety

38
Q

can be performed in laboratory benches.
Guidelines: Labcoats, gloves, eye protection, are worn as needed

A

BSL 1

39
Q

Can be performed in Biosafetical cabinets and laminar flow
hood.
o Guidelines: lab coats and gloves are worn, eye protection and
face shields can also be worn as needed

A

BSL 2

40
Q

Contagious
Guidelines: lab gowns

A

BSL 3

41
Q

Highly contagious diseases
Negative pressure; must be an isolated area
Guidelines: Full body air-supplied positive pressure suit.
Virology Science and technology Institute of the Philippines

A

BSL 4

42
Q

Some studies deal with substances that may be carried
through different environmental routes and affect entire
ecosystems as result.

A

Pollution and Environmental Risks

43
Q

Close interactions with the subjects in question by the
researchers may evoke strong emotions or dig up previous
psychological issues that may resurface.

A

psychological risks

44
Q

From these conversations, norms were established on how research should be conducted – the “right way”.
These groups were small, and the pool of knowledge was relatively shallow, It was easy for academics to check and raise issues of in consistencies with each other.

A

Scientific Revolution

45
Q

Research done in these times will follow the norms set by the academics from the scientific revolution.
Making sure that all published or unpublished studies were done the “right way” became more challenging.

A

Industrial Revolution

46
Q

test new treatments; in 1900, the Kingdom of Prussia established the —— (or Prussian Standards); probably deemed necessary after Albert Neisser’s public admission of having inoculated prostitutes with syphilitic serum

A

Berlin Code of Ethics

47
Q

1933 ascent to power of Adolph Hitler’s National
Socialist German Workers’ Party led to the breakdown of earlier standards of ethical research conduct.
o Inside the concentration camps, the large-scale medical experiments performed were of 3 types:
o Research to improve survival for German
troops exposed to the weapons of war (gases,
incendiary bombs, radiation) or adverse
weather conditions (cold, high altitude).
o Testing of new drugs or surgical techniques.
o The proving of national socialist theories of
racial superiority (anti-Semitism, eugenics).

A

MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE THIRD REICH

48
Q

The voluntary informed consent of individuals to an experiment, without coercion of any type is essential.
o The need to avoid necessary physical and mental suffering.
o Evidence that the experiment is needed to yield fruitful results for the good of society.

A

Nuremberg Code

49
Q

Atrocities and violations of human rights were found to have occurred in many military experiments. The safety of the scientists who conducted these experiments was also questioned.

A

After the Wars

50
Q

occurred in 1949 after World War II.
o The 1949 convention on the other hand, specifically
protects civilians that were harmed during the war,
especially those who were part of military experiments.

A

GENEVA CONVETION

51
Q

The well-being of human subjects should be prioritized over the interests of science and society.

A

Helsinki Declaration

52
Q

o RESPECT: The principle protects the right of individuals
to be treated as autonomous agents and requires their
voluntary informed consent to participation.
o BENEFICIENCE: The possible scientific beliefs must be
maximized and the possible risk to subjects minimized.
o JUSTICE: Procedures should be done with good reason
and managed properly. Subjects should not be
exploited.

A

Belmont Report

53
Q

Academic institutions are encouraged to create their own ethics committees to review all research that will be conducted within their jurisdiction

A

Present Time

54
Q

is a committee that must evaluate the potential physical and psychological risk of
research involving humans.

A

IRB (institutional review board)

Capstone (2 decks)

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