Q2 Grammar TEST Flashcards
What are the four main uses of commas covered in our lessons?
1.Separating items in a list
2. After introductory elements
3. Combining independent clauses with coordinating conjunctions
4. Setting off non-essential information (nonrestrictive clauses)
How do you use commas when listing three or more items?
Use commas to separate each item, including a comma before the coordinating conjunction (Oxford comma) for clarity.
Example: “He enjoys swimming, hiking, and biking.”
When should you use a comma after an introductory element?
After introductory words, phrases, or clauses that come before the main clause.
Example: “Well, I think it’s time to leave.”
How are commas used when combining independent clauses?
Place a comma before a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) that joins two independent clauses.
Example: “She wanted to stay home, but she had to go to work.”
When do you use commas to set off non-essential information?
When the clause or phrase isn’t essential to the sentence’s meaning (nonrestrictive clause).
Example: “My uncle, who is a doctor, lives in New York.”
True or False: You should place a comma before “because” when it joins two clauses.
False. Generally, you don’t need a comma before “because” unless it avoids confusion.
Where do you place a comma in a complex sentence when the dependent clause comes first?
Place a comma after the dependent clause.
Example: “After the movie, let’s grab some dinner.”
Do you need a comma when the independent clause comes before the dependent clause in a complex sentence?
No comma is needed when the independent clause comes first.
Example: “Let’s grab some dinner after the movie.”
What are the two main uses of apostrophes?
- Showing possession
- Forming contractions
How do you show possession for singular nouns using apostrophes?
Add apostrophe + “s” to the singular noun.
Example: “The cat’s toy is under the couch.”
How do you show possession for plural nouns ending in “s”?
Add an apostrophe after the “s”.
Example: “The students’ books are on the table.”
How do you show possession for plural nouns not ending in “s”?
Add apostrophe + “s”.
Example: “The children’s playground is closed.”
How are apostrophes used in contractions?
They replace omitted letters when combining words.
Example: “Do not” becomes “don’t.”
What’s the difference between “it’s” and “its”?
“It’s” = “it is” or “it has” (contraction)
“Its” = Possessive form of “it” (no apostrophe)
Choose the correct form: “I can’t believe ___ already noon.”
“I can’t believe it’s already noon.” (“It’s” = “it is”)
How do you correctly show possession for singular nouns ending with “s”?
Add apostrophe + “s” or just an apostrophe (style guides vary).
Example: “The boss’s office” or “The boss’ office”
True or False: “Mens room” needs an apostrophe to show possession.
True. It should be “men’s room” because “men” is plural but doesn’t end with “s”.
What is an adjective clause?
A dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun, often starting with “who,” “whom,” “whose,” “which,” or “that.”
Example: “The man who lives next door is a firefighter.”
What is a noun clause?
A dependent clause that functions as a noun in a sentence, acting as a subject, object, or complement.
Example: “She couldn’t remember where she parked the car.”
What is an adverb clause?
A dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb, providing information about when, where, why, how, or under what conditions.
Example: “I will finish the project before the deadline arrives.”
Identify the clause type: “He didn’t tell us where he is going.”
Noun Clause (acts as the object of “tell”)
Identify the clause type: “The house that has a blue door is for sale.”
Adjective Clause (“that has a blue door” modifies “house”)
Identify the clause type: “She sings beautifully because she practices daily.”
Adverb Clause (“because she practices daily” explains why she sings beautifully)
Which relative pronouns are commonly used to start adjective clauses?
“Who,” “whom,” “whose,” “which,” “that”
