Q2 Grammar TEST Flashcards
When should you use a comma after an introductory phrase or clause?
Use a comma after an introductory word, phrase, or dependent clause to separate it from the main clause.
Example: “Before we start, let’s review the agenda.”
How are commas used in a series or list?
Use commas to separate three or more items in a series. Include the Oxford comma before the conjunction.
Example: “She bought apples, oranges, bananas, and grapes.”
When connecting two independent clauses with a conjunction, where do you place the comma?
Place the comma before the coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
Example: “He didn’t study for the exam, so he failed.”
Should you use a comma before a conjunction in a simple sentence with a compound predicate?
No, do not use a comma when the sentence has a compound predicate (same subject, two verbs).
Incorrect: “She sings, and dances.”
Correct: “She sings and dances.”
How do you use commas with coordinate adjectives?
Use commas between adjectives that independently modify a noun (coordinate adjectives).
Test: If you can insert “and” or reverse the adjectives, use a comma.
Example: “It was a long, tiring journey.”
When should you not use a comma?
Do not use a comma to separate a subject from its verb or a verb from its object.
Incorrect: “The student, completed the assignment.”
Correct: “The student completed the assignment.”
What is the primary use of a semicolon?
To connect two closely related independent clauses without a conjunction.
Example: “He didn’t study for the exam; he failed.”
How are semicolons used with conjunctive adverbs?
Place a semicolon before and a comma after conjunctive adverbs (however, therefore, consequently) when joining independent clauses.
Example: “She forgot to set her alarm; consequently, she was late.”
When should you use semicolons in a complex list?
Use semicolons to separate items in a list when the items themselves contain commas.
Example: “We visited Paris, France; London, England; and Tokyo, Japan.”
Can you use a semicolon before coordinating conjunctions like “and” or “but”?
Generally, no. Use a comma before coordinating conjunctions. Semicolons are used without conjunctions or with conjunctive adverbs.
Should the first word after a semicolon be capitalized?
No, unless it is a proper noun.
When do you use a colon to introduce a list?
After a complete sentence that introduces the list. Example: “The following are required: pens, notebooks, and calculators.”
Can a colon be used after a verb or preposition?
No, avoid using a colon directly after a verb or preposition.
Incorrect: “Her favorite hobbies are: reading, swimming, and hiking.”
Correct: “Her favorite hobbies are reading, swimming, and hiking.”
How are colons used to emphasize or explain a statement?
Use a colon to introduce an explanation, example, or a restatement of the preceding clause.
Example: “She had one dream: to become a doctor.”
When quoting someone after a dialogue tag, do you use a colon or a comma?
Use a comma after the dialogue tag before the quotation.
Example: “The sign read, ‘Keep out!’”
How are colons used in time notation?
Use a colon to separate hours and minutes.
Example: “We will meet at 6:00 PM sharp.”
What is the indicative mood?
It states facts or asks questions.
Example: “They are planning a surprise party.”
What is the imperative mood?
It expresses commands, requests, or instructions.
Example: “Please submit your assignments by Friday.”
What is the subjunctive mood?
It expresses wishes, hypothetical situations, or conditions contrary to fact.
Example: “If I were a millionaire, I would travel the world.”
How is the subjunctive mood formed with the verb “to be”?
Use “were” for all subjects in hypothetical or contrary-to-fact situations.
Example: “If she were taller, she could be a model.”
When do you use the subjunctive mood after certain verbs?
After verbs expressing demands, suggestions, or necessity.
Example: “She insists that he be present at the meeting.”
How do you form the imperative mood?
Use the base form of the verb; the subject “you” is implied.
Example: “Turn off the lights when you leave.”
What is the future perfect tense, and when is it used?
Describes an action that will be completed before a specified time in the future.
Formed with: “will have” + past participle.
Example: “By this time next year, she will have graduated.”
How is the past perfect tense formed, and what does it indicate?
Formed with “had” + past participle; indicates an action completed before another past action.
Example: “We had finished the project before the deadline.”
When is the present perfect tense used?
For actions that occurred at an unspecified time before now or that started in the past and continue to the present.
Formed with: “has/have” + past participle.
Example: “She has lived in New York since 2010.”
What is the past progressive tense, and how is it formed?
Describes an action that was ongoing in the past.
Formed with: “was/were” + present participle (-ing form).
Example: “I was studying when you called.”
How do you form the future tense?
Use “will” + base form of the verb.
Example: “They will move to a new house next week.”
What is the difference between “I have read” and “I read”?
“I have read” is present perfect tense, indicating completion at an unspecified time before now; “I read” is present tense or simple past tense depending on context.
When do you use the present progressive tense?
For actions happening right now or ongoing actions.
Formed with: “am/is/are” + present participle.
Example: “They are waiting for the bus.”
What tense is used in “She was working when I saw her”?
Past progressive tense.
How do you correct a comma splice?
Replace the comma with a semicolon, add a coordinating conjunction, or split into two sentences.
Incorrect: “He walks to school every day, he enjoys the exercise.”
Corrected: “He walks to school every day; he enjoys the exercise.”
What is the error in “If she was taller, she could be a model”?
Incorrect use of “was” instead of “were” in the subjunctive mood.
Corrected: “If she were taller, she could be a model.”
How do you properly punctuate direct speech after a dialogue tag?
Use a comma after the dialogue tag and enclose the spoken words in quotation marks.
Example: “The teacher said, ‘Please take your seats.’”
Identify the subject-verb agreement error: “They has been friends for years.”
The verb “has” should agree with the plural subject “They.”
Corrected: “They have been friends for years.”
How do you punctuate a sentence with “therefore” connecting two independent clauses?
Use a semicolon before “therefore” and a comma after.
Incorrect: “She didn’t know the answer therefore she skipped the question.”
Corrected: “She didn’t know the answer; therefore, she skipped the question.”
Why is punctuation important in “Let’s eat Grandma”?
Without a comma after “eat,” the sentence suggests eating Grandma.
Corrected: “Let’s eat, Grandma!”
How do you correct the sentence: “Because he studied hard he passed the exam”?
Add a comma after the introductory clause.
Corrected: “Because he studied hard, he passed the exam.”
How do you properly write time in sentences?
Use a colon to separate hours and minutes.
Corrected: “We will meet at 6:00 PM sharp.”
Is it correct to use a colon after “are” in “Her favorite colors are: blue, green, and purple”?
No, remove the colon because “are” directly introduces the list.
Corrected: “Her favorite colors are blue, green, and purple.”
When should you use “whom” instead of “who”?
Use “whom” as the object of a verb or preposition.
Example: “He is the person whom I trust the most.”
Choose the correct sentence:
A. “Before we start let’s review the agenda.”
B. “Before we start, let’s review the agenda.”
B. “Before we start, let’s review the agenda.”
Correct the sentence: “She was excited however nervous about the performance.”
“She was excited; however, nervous about the performance.”
Identify the verb mood: “Please submit your assignments by Friday.”
Imperative mood.
What tense is used in “By this time next year, she will have graduated”?
Future perfect tense.
Correct the error: “They has been waiting for over an hour.”
“They have been waiting for over an hour.”
Choose the correct verb form: “She _____ (live) in New York since 2010.”
A. lived
B. lives
C. has lived
C. has lived
Correct the sentence: “Let’s go to the park, it’s a beautiful day.”
“Let’s go to the park; it’s a beautiful day.”
Identify the verb mood: “If I were a millionaire, I would travel the world.”
Subjunctive mood.
What punctuation is needed: “He didn’t study for the exam he failed.”
Add a semicolon or period between the clauses.
Corrected: “He didn’t study for the exam; he failed.”
Choose the correct sentence:
A. “Because she was tired she went to bed early.”
B. “Because she was tired, she went to bed early.”
B. “Because she was tired, she went to bed early.”
What are coordinating conjunctions, and how can you remember them?
Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance. Remember them with FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So.
When should you use the Oxford comma?
Use the Oxford comma in a list of three or more items before the conjunction to prevent ambiguity.
What is a run-on sentence, and how can you fix it?
A run-on sentence improperly joins two independent clauses without proper punctuation. Fix it by adding a period, semicolon, or conjunction.
How do you determine the correct verb tense in a sentence?
Consider the time frame of the action in relation to other events and choose the tense that accurately reflects it.
What is subject-verb agreement?
The verb must agree in number with its subject; singular subjects take singular verbs, and plural subjects take plural verbs.
How can you avoid common punctuation errors?
By understanding the rules for commas, semicolons, and colons, and applying them correctly in sentences.
When should you use “who” vs. “whom”?
Use “who” as a subject and “whom” as an object in a sentence.
How do you form the present perfect continuous tense?
Use “has/have been” + present participle (-ing form).
Example: “They have been studying for hours.”
What is the difference between “it’s” and “its”?
“It’s” is a contraction for “it is” or “it has”; “its” is a possessive pronoun.
How do you punctuate a sentence with multiple adjectives?
Use commas between coordinate adjectives that independently modify the noun.
