Q2 Grammar TEST Flashcards
When should you use a comma after an introductory phrase or clause?
Use a comma after an introductory word, phrase, or dependent clause to separate it from the main clause.
Example: “Before we start, let’s review the agenda.”
How are commas used in a series or list?
Use commas to separate three or more items in a series. Include the Oxford comma before the conjunction.
Example: “She bought apples, oranges, bananas, and grapes.”
When connecting two independent clauses with a conjunction, where do you place the comma?
Place the comma before the coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
Example: “He didn’t study for the exam, so he failed.”
Should you use a comma before a conjunction in a simple sentence with a compound predicate?
No, do not use a comma when the sentence has a compound predicate (same subject, two verbs).
Incorrect: “She sings, and dances.”
Correct: “She sings and dances.”
How do you use commas with coordinate adjectives?
Use commas between adjectives that independently modify a noun (coordinate adjectives).
Test: If you can insert “and” or reverse the adjectives, use a comma.
Example: “It was a long, tiring journey.”
When should you not use a comma?
Do not use a comma to separate a subject from its verb or a verb from its object.
Incorrect: “The student, completed the assignment.”
Correct: “The student completed the assignment.”
What is the primary use of a semicolon?
To connect two closely related independent clauses without a conjunction.
Example: “He didn’t study for the exam; he failed.”
How are semicolons used with conjunctive adverbs?
Place a semicolon before and a comma after conjunctive adverbs (however, therefore, consequently) when joining independent clauses.
Example: “She forgot to set her alarm; consequently, she was late.”
When should you use semicolons in a complex list?
Use semicolons to separate items in a list when the items themselves contain commas.
Example: “We visited Paris, France; London, England; and Tokyo, Japan.”
Can you use a semicolon before coordinating conjunctions like “and” or “but”?
Generally, no. Use a comma before coordinating conjunctions. Semicolons are used without conjunctions or with conjunctive adverbs.
Should the first word after a semicolon be capitalized?
No, unless it is a proper noun.
When do you use a colon to introduce a list?
After a complete sentence that introduces the list. Example: “The following are required: pens, notebooks, and calculators.”
Can a colon be used after a verb or preposition?
No, avoid using a colon directly after a verb or preposition.
Incorrect: “Her favorite hobbies are: reading, swimming, and hiking.”
Correct: “Her favorite hobbies are reading, swimming, and hiking.”
How are colons used to emphasize or explain a statement?
Use a colon to introduce an explanation, example, or a restatement of the preceding clause.
Example: “She had one dream: to become a doctor.”
When quoting someone after a dialogue tag, do you use a colon or a comma?
Use a comma after the dialogue tag before the quotation.
Example: “The sign read, ‘Keep out!’”
How are colons used in time notation?
Use a colon to separate hours and minutes.
Example: “We will meet at 6:00 PM sharp.”
What is the indicative mood?
It states facts or asks questions.
Example: “They are planning a surprise party.”
What is the imperative mood?
It expresses commands, requests, or instructions.
Example: “Please submit your assignments by Friday.”
What is the subjunctive mood?
It expresses wishes, hypothetical situations, or conditions contrary to fact.
Example: “If I were a millionaire, I would travel the world.”
How is the subjunctive mood formed with the verb “to be”?
Use “were” for all subjects in hypothetical or contrary-to-fact situations.
Example: “If she were taller, she could be a model.”
When do you use the subjunctive mood after certain verbs?
After verbs expressing demands, suggestions, or necessity.
Example: “She insists that he be present at the meeting.”
How do you form the imperative mood?
Use the base form of the verb; the subject “you” is implied.
Example: “Turn off the lights when you leave.”
What is the future perfect tense, and when is it used?
Describes an action that will be completed before a specified time in the future.
Formed with: “will have” + past participle.
Example: “By this time next year, she will have graduated.”
How is the past perfect tense formed, and what does it indicate?
Formed with “had” + past participle; indicates an action completed before another past action.
Example: “We had finished the project before the deadline.”
