Q2 Flashcards
From a life-cycle perspective, the most crucial time to meet a child’s nutritional requirements is in the _____ days, including the period of pregnancy and ending with the child’s second birthday.
First 1000
_____ is defined as a weight of less than 2.5kg at birth.
Low birth weight
______ deals with changing policies and laws to achieve the objectives of prevention practice: laws regarding childhood immunization, food labels, food safety, and sanitation.
System based prevention
_______ target individual behavior or promote health by education, legislation.
Health promotion through Nutrition
______ is the assurance/guarantee that food will not cause harm to the consumers when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use.
Food safety
Income-transfer programs in cash or in kind, including food stamps, subsidized rations and other targeted measures for poor households belong to s____ n___ against food insecurity.
Safety nets
_____ is usually understood as an uncomfortable or painful sensation caused by insufficient food energy consumption.
Hunger
Under this specific Philippine program, the Department of Health shall encourage the practice of deliberately increasing the content of one or more micronutrients (i.e. vitamins and minerals) in food or condiment to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply and provide a public health benefit with minimal health risk.
RA 8976 (Food Fortification Law)
“An Act Scaling up the National and Local Health and Nutrition Programs through a Strengthened Integrated Strategy for Maternal, Neonatal, Child Health and Nutrition in the First One Thousand (1,000) Days of Liife”
RA 11148
_____ uses a food plate model to show the recommended proportion of each food group in each meal for the various population and physiological groups, one of which is for the elderly.
Pinggang Pinoy
_______ deficiency is defined as a lack of essential vitamins and minerals that are required in small amounts by the body for proper growth.
Micronutrient
It aims to guide nutrition stakeholders at the national and local levels, including government agencies, development partners, non-government organizations and civil society, academe, and other partner organizations and institutions on the conduct of high-impact activities and strategies in nutrition.
PPAN
Contribute to elimination of micronutrient malnutrition in the country, particularly iodine deficiency disorders.
RA 8172 (ASIN Law)
A _____ is a characteristic, condition, or behavior that increases the likelihood of getting a disease or injury.
Risk factor
Health ______ are actions that are taken by individuals that affect the overall health of someone’s life. These can range from simple daily activities, such as sleep and working out, to more complex ideas and concepts, such as coping mechanisms. Bad ones are known risk factors in NCDs.
Behavior
______ is the smoke released from the end of a burning cigarette. cigar, or pipe. Since roughly 85% of secondhand smoke is _______ smoke, both people who smoke and non-smokers nearby have similar exposures to environmental tobacco smoke.
Sidestream
If a food is c______-dense, that usually means it is high in energy and low in nutrients. This means it is an EMPTY food.
Calorie-dense
R_____d carbohydrates include mostly sugars and processed grains. They are empty calories and lead to rapid spikes in blood sugar and insulin levels.
Refined
________ or being sedentary is when you don’t move your body for long periods. This can include sitting or lying on the sofa watching TV and sitting at a desk or computer.
Physical Inactivity
The most widely abused substance is ______.
Alcohol/Ethanol
________ are the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. CVDs are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular diseases
This novel cardiovascular risk factor is a type of amino acid naturally produced by the body but in excess may cause damage of arterial linings.
Homocysteine
________ is a generic term for a large group of diseases due to the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries and which can then invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs.
Cancer
_______ is the single most important risk factor for cancer and is responsible for approximately 22% of cancer-related deaths globally.
Smoking tobacco
______ aims to identify individuals with abnormalities suggestive of specific cancer or pre-cancer with no symptoms and refer them promptly for diagnosis and treatment.
Screening
Which of these belongs to functional intermediate indicators of nutritional status?
a.) Measurement of BMI
b.) Food Diary
c.) Retinol-binding protein measurement
d.) Cognitive status in IDA
d.) Cognitive status in IDA
Which of these belongs to long-term indicators of nutritional staus?
a.) Measurement of BMI
b.) Food Diary
c.) Retinol-binding protein measurement
d.) Cognitive status in IDA
a.) Measurement of BMI
Among these biochemical parameters that are used to measure nutritional status, which is the most useful for determining PEMs like Kwashiorkor?
a.) Transferrin levels
b.) Blood albumin levels
c.) Cholecalciferol levels
d.) C-reactive protein levels
b.) Blood albumin levels
Which of these is true of this undernutrition picture (height for age)?
a.) captures early chronic exposure to under-nutrition
b.) captures acute under-nutrition
c.) is a composite indicator that include elements of stunting and wasting
d.) captures early chronic consequences of being overweight
a.) captures early chronic exposure to under-nutrition
Which of these is true of this undernutrition picture (weight for age)?
a.) captures early chronic exposure to under-nutrition
b.) captures acute under-nutrition
c.) is a composite indicator that include elements of stunting and wasting
d.) captures early chronic consequences of being overweight
c.) is a composite indicator that include elements of stunting and wasting
It is a composite indicator that includes elements of stunting and wasting: which of the following describes this status indicator:
a.) inadequate weight for age
b.) inadequate height for age
c.) inadequate weight for height
d.) excess weight for age
a.) inadequate weight for age
T/F: A child of 42 months has a circumference measurement halfway between the shoulder and the elbow of 112 mm; this child is moderately malnourished.
F
Which is equivalent to weight for height above three standard deviations of a child 0 to 59 months old according to the WHO threshold when the term being defined is applied in adults?
a.) BMI of 17
b.) BMI of 18.5
c.) BMI of 25
d.) BMI of 30
d.) BMI of 30
Cholesterol screening of populations at risk of developing heart disease is part of which?
a.) system-wide approach in secondary prevention of malnutrition
b.) personal approach in tertiary prevention of malnutrition
c.) community approach in secondary prevention of malnutrition
d.) personal approach in primary prevention of malnutrition
c.) community approach in secondary prevention of malnutrition
Which of the following is an example of a system-wide approach in primary prevention of malnutrition?
a.) Community center blood pressure screening
b.) Advocating for fruits selling in canteens
c.) legislation for healthy nutrition among diabetics
d.) advocating for special diets among diabetics
b.) Advocating for fruits selling in canteens
The defined term in ID 5 belongs to which component of food security?
a.) availability
b.) accessibility
c.) utilization
d.) stability
c.) utilization
_________ is a preprinted list of foods on which subjects are asked to estimate how many times and how very often one consumes a particular food and also the amount of habitual consumption during a specified period.
a.) 24 hour recall
b.) dietary history
c.) FFQ
d.) Biomarkers of intake
c.) FFQ
Section 7 of this law designates July as Nutrition month.
a.) PD 491
b.) RA 7600
c.) TRAIN Law
d.) EO 51
e.) RA 11148
PD 491
to ensure that safe and adequate nutrition for infants is provided, to protect and promote breastfeeding, and to inform the public about proper use of breastmilk substitutes and supplements and related products
a.) PD 491
b.) RA 7600
c.) TRAIN Law
d.) EO 51
e.) RA 11148
EO 51
An act providing incentives to all government and private health institutions with rooming-in and breastfeeding practices and for other purposes.
a.) PD 491
b.) RA 7600
c.) TRAIN Law
d.) EO 51
e.) RA 11148
RA 7600
The program shall consist of (1) Voluntary Food Fortification and (2) Mandatory Food Fortification.
a.) PD 491
b.) RA 7600
c.) TRAIN Law
d.) EO 51
e.) RA 11148
RA 8976
It seeks to impose a PhP10.00 excise tax per liter of volume capacity on SSBs containing purely locally produced sugar and PhP20.
a.) PD 491
b.) RA 7600
c.) TRAIN Law
d.) EO 51
e.) RA 11148
TRAIN
Which is not part of the definition of non-communicable diseases?
a.) also known as chronic disease
b.) disease transmissible indirectly from one person to another
c.) with long generation and slow progression
d.) results from a combination of genetic, behavioral and physiologic risk factors
b.) disease transmissible indirectly from one person to another
Which accounts for the difficulty of establishing the cause of NCDs? Select all that applies
a.) long lag time between exposure and the presence of symptoms
b.) generally, there is more than one risk factor in developing NCDs
c.) an exposure may be common and can be linked to many diseases acquired by an individual over time
d.) NCDs risks usually follow the epidemiologic triangle
A, B, C
Some risk factors are called _____ because you cannot change them. Which is an example of this?
a.) Cigarette packs per day
b.) Daily exercise hours
c.) Sodium intake
d.) Germline mutations
d.) Germline mutations
T/F: Nicotine in tobacco is the most important direct risk factor for the development of cancer from smoking.
F
When it comes to diet, consuming food rich in unhealthy lipids contributes to ____ that later leads to cardiovascular disease.
a.) atherosclerosis
b.) low blood osmolality
c.) renal insufficiency
d.) proteinaceous liver
a.) atherosclerosis
Which is true of activity needed for adults per week?
a.) Should be around 75-150 minutes
b.) Should include aerobic exercises
c.) Should include muscle strengthening exercises
d.) Older populations must maintain physical activity, including bone-density improving ones
All of the above
T/F: Ethanol is a central nervous system stimulant, leading to loss of inhibition during inebriation.
F - depressant
Alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme with the biggest amounts in the liver, which receives much of the damage from alcoholism.
a.) Kidneys
b.) Stomach
c.) Liver
d.) Heart
c.) Liver
____ drinking has been defined for men as consuming more than 5 drinks, and for women more than 4 drinks, during a single occassion.
a.) heavy
b.) binge
c.) social
d.) occassional
b.) binge
Which is improperly matched?
a.) Rheumatic heart disease - post strep throat sequela
b.) Cerebrovascular disease - myocardial infarction
c.) Congenital Heart Disease - Tetralogy of Fallot
d.) DVT - usually happens in long flights
b.) Cerebrovascular disease - myocardial infarction
Excessive ____ intake increases blood pressure (BP), and hypertension is a risk factor for CVD.
a.) magnesium
b.) oxygen
c.) sodium
d.) carbon monoxide
c.) sodium
Which of these are ways to prevent diabetes in individuals?
a.) system-wide policies such as tax on SSBs
b.) advocating for the eating of high-fiber diets
c.) prevention of low birth weight by having proper maternal visits
d.) early screening of mothers at risk of gestational diabetes
All of the above
Diabetes mellitus type ___’s risk factor is primarily genetic type; type ___ is brought on about by the interaction of SNPs and the interplay of behavioral and nutritional risk factors.
b.) 1:2
________ is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral and carcinogen that causes mesothelioma.
b.) asbestos
The incidence of cancer rises dramatically with ____, most likely due to a build-up of risks for specific cancers that increase with ____, The overall risk accumulation is combined with the tendency for cellular repair mechanisms to be less effective as a person _____s. The risk factor being defined here is:
a.) modifiable
b.) non-modifiable
b.) non-modifiable
T/F: Mammography is an example of ID25 for breast cancer, while Pap’s is for cervical cancer.
T
National Cancer _______ Month is a time to educate, advocate, and support. It provides a platform for spreading information about cancer prevention, early detection, treatment options, and available resources for patients and their families. By raising _____ and fostering community engagement, this observance contributes to the fight against cancer and the improvement of outcomes for those affected by the disease. It is celebrated every February.
a.) staging
b.) screening
c.) awareness
d.) access to treatment
c.) awareness
Which is true of Chronic respiratory diseases?
a.) Most COPDs have cures
b.) Bronchopneumonia is the most common non-communicable chronic respiratory disease in children
c.) Emphysema is a progressive, destructive lung disease in which the walls between the tiny air sacs are damaged
d.) Indoor air pollution is the most common cause of COPD among the possible risk factors
c.) Emphysema is a progressive, destructive lung disease in which the walls between the tiny air sacs are damaged
