Q1 Treaties (milestones) Flashcards
Edict of Nantes
who, what, when, why, so-what?
a French royal decree by Henry IV (in 1598), following the French Wars of Religion
WHAT: Toleration of Calvinism, recognizing rights of French protestants (right to private worship etc.)
SO WHAT: temporarily ended French Wars of Religion ; Louis XIV revokes it in 1685
Peace of Westphalia
who, what, when, why?
Peace treaty to end the 30 Year’s War (1648), involving German states, France, Sweden, Spain, & Dutch
- Each German state receive right to conduct diplomacy and make treaties
- Rulers can decide faith (Calvinism = ok)
- Dutch independence
- French annex Alsace
- Sweden gets territory around Baltic
SO WOAHT: Start of sovereign states, HRE reduced, religion and politics separated
Treaty of Lodi
(who, what, when, why?)
hint: 1454 in Italy
Political alliance of Milan, Naples, and Florence against the Papal States and Venice
WHY: to protect against invasions & compensate for the lack of unity in Italy
Treaty of Dover
who, what, when, why?
Treaty in 1670, England+France formally allied themselves against the Dutch
In a secret portion of the treaty, Charles II pledged to announce his conversion to Catholicism as soon as conditions in England permitted. In return, Louis XIV promised to pay subsidy
Peace of Augsburg
who, what, when, why, so-what?
Settlement to end civil war in Germany (btwn state princes and HR Emperor) in 1555
- gave each prince the right to decide state’s religion
**legally acknowledges Lutherans, but NOT Calvinists and other religious minorities
SO WHAT: Formally acknowledge Christianity’s division
95 Theses
who, what, when, WHY, so-what?
Martin Luther criticizes the sale of indulgences
–> leads to ideas like ‘justification by faith alone’ but initially he didn’t intend to break off from the RCC
ring ring PRINTING PRESS
Peace of Utrecht
who, what, when, why, so-what?
Treaty following the War of Spanish Succession (1713), involving France, Spain, England etc..
- Phillip V is Spanish ruler
- England gains territory in Mediterranean (Gibraltar)
- Austria gains Spanish Netherlands, Naples, Milan
- Duke of Savoy gains Sicily
- Elector of Brandenburg –> King of Prussia!
SO WHAT: Balance of power across central Europe
Petition of Rights
who, what, when, why, so-what?
A statement of civil liberties sent by the English Parliament to Charles I (1628)
- requires Parli approval before taxation, etc.
- forbid imprisonment w/o due process of law
Bill of Rights
who, what, when, why, so-what?
Following Glorious Revolution, Parli passes this declaration under William & Mary (in 1689)
- separation of powers, limits the powers of the king and queen, enhances the democratic election and bolsters freedom of speech
SO WHAT: Assert the rights of Parliament and the individual, and ensure a Protestant political supremacy
