Culture, Art, Philosophy (people + movements)

Question 1

Copernicus

1470-1540

Answer 1

• 1st guy to challenge geocentric view –> HELIOCENTRIC
• “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies”
• based on logic, not direct observation

Question 2

Kepler

1570-1630

Answer 2

• Used Brahe’s data

- Discover 3 laws of planetary motion w/ evidence

Question 3

Galileo

1560-1640)

Answer 3

• Discover laws of motion w/ math
• Use telescope
• threatened by church

Question 4

Inductive Reasoning

who, what?

Answer 4

Francis Bacon
led to Scientific Method, systematic
(upside down triangle)

Question 5

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 5

Descartes

Logical deduction to prove what is true

Question 6

“Crush the Infamous Thing!”

Answer 6

Attacks organized religion

Voltaire advocated for religious toleration

Question 7

Spirit of the Laws

Answer 7

Montesquieu’s book; creates “social science”by applying natural sciences to study of gov’t
- separation of powers

Question 8

Social Contract

Answer 8

Hobbes+Locke: individuals enter social contract w/ their rulers
Rosseau: individuals enter a social contract w/ one another (create community, or organized civil society)

Question 9

General Will

Answer 9

Rousseau believes that sovereign power in a state lies in the general will of community, not the ruler

Question 10

aDAMN Smith

Answer 10

Laissez Faire (leave the market alone, and let the invisible hand do it’s job w/o interference)

Book, “Wealth of Nations” advocates for a free market, self-interest, and limited gov’t role in economy

Question 11

Deism

Answer 11

God is the cosmic watchmaker who create the universe and then let it run according to natural laws

Question 12

Baroque Art Characteristics

Answer 12

• dramatic use of light and dark

- BIBLICAL

Question 13

Baroque Art artists

Answer 13

Bernini, Caravaggio, Gentileschi, Ruben

Question 14

Mannerism Art Characteristics

1520-1600

Answer 14

• Suffering

- Distorted proportions

Question 15

Dutch Golden Age Art + Artist

1580-1670

Answer 15

• Protestant
• Simple, everyday life
• Rembrandt

Question 16

Roccocco

1715-?

Answer 16

• Aristocratic life, fairy-tale like
• Pastel, light, ethereal
• represents French court life under Lous XIV
• artist: Jean-Antoine Watteau

Question 17

tabula rasa

Answer 17

John Locke’s idea that people are born as a blank slate, and experience shapes an individual

Question 18

Witch Craze

why did it happen, who were accused, why did it end?

Answer 18

(1480-1700)
CAUSE: instability in society, uncertainty in religion, poverty, need for scapegoat
WHO: women, unmarried, old, etc

END: -rational, scientific thought

• falls out of favor (judges are “over it”)
• increase in education
• gov’t control
• tolerance and secularism