Q1: Lesson 3 | Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
Branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation of organisms
Genetics
It carries the hereditary information (genes)
Chromosomes
Study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring
Heredity
An Austrian biologist referred to as the Father of Genetics.
Gregor Mendel
Which plant did Mendel experiment on?
Peas
He was the first biologist to use mathematics to explain his results quantitatively
Gregor Mendel
A unit of heredity; a section of DNA sequence encoding a singular protein
Gene
The entire set of genes in an organisms
Genome
Two genes that occupy the same position on homologous chromosomes and that cover the same trait
Alleles
A fixed location on a strand of DNA where a gene or one of its alleles is located
Locus
A segment of DNA that determines a trait
Gene
Are determined by the genes on the chromosomes
Traits
How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have?
23 pairs
Different genes (possibilities) for the same trait
Alleles
Having identical genes (one from each parent) for a particular characteristic
Homozygous
Having two different genes for a particular characteristic
Heterozygous
The allele of a gene that masks or suppresses the expression of an alternate allele; the trait that appears in the heterozygous condition
Dominant
An allele that is masked by a dominant allele; does not appear in the heterozygous condition, only in homozygous
Recessive
Gene that prevents the other gene from showing
Dominant
Gene that does not show even if it’s present
Recessive
What symbol do you use for DOMINANT traits?
Upper case letters
What symbol do you use for RECESSIVE traits?
Lower case letters
The genetic makeup of organisms
Genotype
The physical appearance of an organism
Phenotype
Combination of genes an organism has
Genotype
Physical appearance resulting from gene make-up
Phenotype
A useful tool to do a genetic cross
Punnett square
A genetic cross involving a single pair of genes
Monohybrid cross
