Q1

Question 1

Stages of Mitosis

Answer 1

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 2

Prophase

Answer 2

Chromosomes condense, centrosomes move to opposite poles, Spindle fibres begin to emerge from centrosomes, Nuclear envelope breaks down.

Question 3

Metaphase

Answer 3

Centrosomes reach opposite poles, Spindle fibres continue to extend from centrosomes, Chromosomes line up along middle of cell, Spindle fibres attach to centromeres

Question 4

Anaphase

Answer 4

Sister chromatids separate at centromere, spindle fibres begin to shorten, Chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibres.

Question 5

Telophase

Answer 5

Chromosomes arrive at poles and begin to decondense, Nuclear envelope begins to reform, Spindle fibres break down.
(Cytokinesis- Division of cytoplasm and cell into two via constriction from edges of cell.)

Question 6

Crossing over of chromosomes

Answer 6

The process whereby a chromatid breaks during meiosis and re-joins to the chromatid of its homologous chromosome so that its alleles are exchanged. Causes genetic variation

Question 7

Recombination

Answer 7

Pieces of DNA are broken and recombine to form new combinations of alleles. Results in genetic diversity.

Question 8

Independent segregation

Answer 8

Meiosis produces daughter cells that are genetically different from each other and to the parent cell

The alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another

The allele a gamete received for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene

This is because homologous chromosomes line up in random orientations at the middle of the cell at metaphase as they prepare to separate, meaning that the same parent cell can produce different combinations of chromosomes in the daughter cells